机器人应用与劳动健康:基于宏微观的实证证据

Robot and labor health:Evidence based on macro and micro perspectives

工业机器人应用在提高生产效益的同时,是否对劳动者的健康状况也有影响?本文基于IFR机器人数据,从劳动者的生命健康权和个体身心健康角度切入,先后从宏微观层面考察了工业机器人应用的健康效应.研究发现,工业机器人应用创造了劳动者的健康红利,在宏观层面显著降低了安全生产事故发生率,减少了伤亡人数,保障了劳动者的生命权.微观层面分析显示,劳动者的身心健康也得到一定提升,尤其是低端岗位的劳动者,工业机器人应用缩短了其工作时长,改善了工作安全、环境满意度,从而起到了重要“托底”功能.本文发现有助于更好地理解当前工业机器人应用所兼顾的社会效益,为当前统筹安全与发展、切实提高劳动者的幸福感和获得感、实现高质量发展提供更为精确的政策建议.

While the application of industrial robots enhances production efficiency,does it also impact the health of workers?This paper,leveraging data from the IFR(International Federation of Robotics),investigates the health effects of industrial robot application both from a broader perspective of workers’right to life and health and a detailed examination of individual mental and physical well-being.The research reveals that the application of industrial robots has created a health dividend for workers.At the macro level,it has significantly reduced the rate of occupational accidents and the number of casualties,safeguarding workers’right to life.A micro-level analysis indicates that the mental and physical health of workers,particularly those in lower-tier positions,has improved.The utilization of industrial robots has shortened their working hours and enhanced job safety and workplace satisfaction,thereby playing a crucial“safety-net”role.The findings of this paper contribute to a deeper understanding of the social benefits of the current application of industrial robots.They offer more precise policy recommendations for balancing safety with development,genuinely enhancing workers’sense of well-being and accomplishment,and achieving high-quality development.