通用目的技术视角下新一代人工智能的作用机理与治理体系

The mechanism and governance system of the new generation of artificial intelligence from the perspective of general purpose technology

新一代人工智能具有更加显著的认知能力、交互能力、创造能力等,通用目的技术属性日益突出.新一代人工智能将通过三大作用机理赋能社会高质量发展:创新使能效应,促进新兴技术交叉融合;转型促进作用,推动千行百业智能化转型;体系变革潜力,推动社会生产力与生产关系的全面革新.新一代人工智能呈现技术属性与社会属性高度融合统一特征,其发展还存在着基础设施不健全、开源生态不完善、技术落地不充分等技术问题,同时也存在着对社会负外部性、法律权责难界定、就业变革新挑战等社会问题,需要把握新一代人工智能发展规律,从加强系统谋划、健全伦理规约、培育创新生态、完善法律法规、创新监管手段、开展就业促进等方面推动其高质量发展.

The new generation of artificial intelligence has more significant cognitive,commu-nicate,and creative abilities,and the attribute of general purpose technology is increasingly prominent.The new generation of artificial intelligence will enable high-quality social devel-opment through three mechanisms:Innovation enabling effect,promoting the cross-integration of emerging technologies;Promoting the transformation role,promoting the intelligent trans-formation of thousands of industries;System change potential,will promote the comprehensive innovation of social productive forces and production relations.The technological and social attributes of the new generation of artificial intelligence are highly integrated and unified,and currently,there are still technical problems in its development,such as inadequate infrastruc-ture,imperfect open-source ecology,and insufficient technology implementation,At the same time,there are also social problems such as externality to society,difficulty in defining legal rights and responsibilities,and new challenges to employment reform.It is necessary to grasp the development law of the new generation of artificial intelligence and promote its high-quality development through strengthening system planning,improving ethical regulations,cultivating an innovative ecosystem,improving laws and regulations,innovating regulatory methods,and promoting employment.