基于结构方程模型的急诊科护士替代性创伤后成长影响因素分析

Factors influencing vicarious posttraumatic growth of emergency nurses based on structural equation modeling

目的了解急诊科护士替代性创伤后成长(VPTG)现状,并探讨其影响因素及作用路径。方法采用方便抽样法,于2022年3—5月选取安徽省20所公立综合医院的532名急诊科护士为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、创伤后成长评定量表、中文版人际反应指针量表、心理弹性量表、领悟社会支持量表对急诊科护士进行调查。采用AMOS 24.0软件建立结构方程模型,分析各变量之间的路径关系。结果本研究共发放问卷532份,回收有效问卷480份,问卷有效回收率为90.23%(480/532)。480名急诊科护士创伤后成长评定量表得分为(49.35±15.82)分。共情能力、心理弹性和领悟社会支持均对VPTG产生正向影响,总效应值分别为0.503、0.261、0.163。共情能力可以直接或通过领悟社会支持、心理弹性间接影响VPTG,领悟社会支持通过心理弹性间接影响VPTG,心理弹性直接影响VPTG。结论急诊科护士VPTG水平受到共情能力、心理弹性和领悟社会支持的直接和(或)间接的正向影响,护理管理者应重视因素间的相互作用,根据因素间关系,采取有效措施,以促进急诊科护士创伤后积极转变。

Objective To explore the current status of vicarious posttraumatic growth(VPTG)among emergency nurses,and analyze its influencing factors and pathways of action.Methods From March to May 2022,convenience sampling was used to select 532 emergency nurses from 20 public general hospitals in Anhui Province as the research subject.A survey was conducted on emergency nurses using the General Information Questionnaire,Posttraumatic Growth Inventory,Chinese Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.AMOS 24.0 software was used to establish the structural equation model and analyze the path relationships between variables.Results A total of 532 questionnaires were distributed,and 480 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective response rate of 90.23%(480/532).The score of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory for 480 emergency nurses was(49.35±15.82).Empathy,psychological resilience,and perceived social support all had a positive impact on VPTG,with total effect values of 0.503,0.261,and 0.163,respectively.Empathy directly or indirectly affected VPTG through perceived social support and psychological resilience.Perceived social support indirectly affected VPTG through psychological resilience,and psychological resilience directly affected VPTG.Conclusions VPTG of emergency nurses is directly and/or indirectly positively influenced by empathy,psychological resilience,and perceived social support.Nursing managers should pay attention to the interaction between factors,take effective measures based on the association between factors,and promote the positive transformation of emergency nurses after trauma.