20世纪日本暗黑舞踏的身体美学探究

On the Body Aesthetics of Japanese Ankoku Butoh in the 20th Century

20世纪中叶,日本后现代舞蹈家们吸收了德国表现主义和怪诞派戏剧的审美风格,结合本土的传统符号和身体记忆,开创了闻名世界的先锋舞蹈剧场——“暗黑舞踏”。舞踏艺术先驱们以“非人的身体”“原欲的身体”和“残弱的身体”挑战着当代主流的舞蹈身体美学,最终呈现出一系列荒诞阴翳的身体语言和被社会压抑的身体残影。与此同时,他们将舞蹈创作从西方权威美学公式中抽离出来,扩大到身体美学、现象学和人类学的视野中去,为当代艺术寻求多元化的探索与表达作出努力。同时,作为风靡世界的东方艺术剧场,20世纪的日本舞踏在传统形式和身体哲学方面的探索为中国先锋舞蹈创作提供了有益启示。

In the middle of 20th century,Japanese postmodern dancers absorbed the aesthetic style of German Expressionism and the Theatre of the Grotesque,with which they combined local traditional symbols and body memory,and created a world⁃famous avant⁃garde dance theater“Ankoku Butoh.”These Pioneer dance artists challenged the contemporary mainstream dance body aesthetics with“non⁃human body,”“original body”and“weak body,”and finally presented a series of absurd body language and the remnant shadows of the body suppressed by society.Meanwhile,they separated dance creation from the Western authoritative aesthetic formula and expanded it to the vision of body aesthetics,phenomenology,and anthropology,making efforts for diversified exploration and expression of contemporary art.At the same time,as a world⁃famous oriental art theater,Japanese Butoh’s exploration of traditional forms and body philosophy in the 20th century inspired the avant⁃garde dance creation in China.