在差等与共享之间:荀子的共同富裕思想及其现实启示

Between Stratification and Sharing:Xunzi’s Thought on Common Prosperity and Its Practical Significance

先秦儒家已有富国富民、反对贫富两极分化的思想传统。不仅如此,保障民众的基本生存,改善人民的物质生活条件,并最终实现共同富裕一直是中国历代儒家先贤崇尚的终极理想。与孔孟有所不同的是,荀子通过“礼义”的结构规范建立起利益分配的差等原则,又力图通过合作共享的制度调节贫富差距。从现代分配正义的角度看,荀子基于“应得”的分配原则体现了对财富创造的动力和责任问题的关注,也以人性平等和仁道关怀提供了上下阶层流动的开放渠道。相比较而言,荀子的共同富裕思想更有其合理性和可行性,因此依然可以为当前共同富裕的推进提供思想资源和现实启示。

Pre⁃Qin Confucianism has the ideological tradition of making the state and the people rich and opposing polarization between the rich and the poor.Moreover,it has always been the ultimate ideal advocated by Confucian sages in China to guarantee the existential requirements of the people,improve their material living conditions,and finally achieve common prosperity.Different from Confucius and Mencius,Xunzi established the stratification principle in the distribution of interests through the structural norms of“ceremony and justice”and tried to adjust the gap between the rich and the poor through the institutional arrangements of cooperation and sharing.From the perspective of modern distribution justice,Xunzi saw the driving force and the responsibility behind wealth creation based on the“merit”principle of distribution.He also provided an open channel for the mobility of the upper and lower classes with human equality and humane care.Xunzi’s thought on common prosperity is comparatively more reasonable and feasible,so it can still provide ideological resources and practical inspiration for the current promotion of common prosperity.