不同玉米品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性的差异性研究

Difference Analysis of Grain Filling and Dehydration Characteristics of Different Maize Varieties

黄淮海区域夏玉米收获期籽粒含水率高、粒收质量差等问题突出,成为制约该区域玉米全程机械化发展的瓶颈。本研究对不同夏玉米品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性差异进行分析,以期为黄淮海夏玉米籽粒机收品种筛选与推广提供理论依据。试验以粒收品种迪卡517(DK517)、京农科728(JNK728)和穗收品种郑单958(ZD958)为材料,分析其籽粒灌浆进程参数、脱水参数及产量等指标。结果表明,籽粒灌浆期JNK728的百粒重均高于DK517、ZD958,生理成熟期的百粒重较其分别增加31.79%、 22.33%。与ZD958相比,DK517、JNK728籽粒灌浆起始势(R_(0))两年平均值分别增加89.71%、69.12%,灌浆活跃期(P)两年平均分别增加21.62%、21.83%;DK517的籽粒含水量始终低于JNK728、ZD958,生理成熟期的籽粒含水量比同时期JNK728、ZD958分别减少33.12%、25.69%;DK517籽粒总脱水速率、生理成熟后平均脱水速率两年平均分别比JNK728、ZD958高5.62%、7.15%和60.74%、47.49%。相关性分析结果表明,生理成熟后平均脱水速率与籽粒总脱水速率极显著或显著正相关。2020年,DK517产量最高(10 275 kg/hm^(2)),比ZD958、JNK728分别显著增加14.17%、23.38%,2021年JNK728、DK517分别比ZD958显著增产22.53%、10.96%。两年平均产量表现为DK517> JNK728> ZD958。可见,粒收品种DK517和JNK728具有较长灌浆活跃期和较高灌浆起始势以及较高籽粒总脱水速率等特征,并且,DK517表现为生理成熟前、成熟后平均脱水速率均较高,而JNK728的快速脱水优势主要表现在生理成熟前。

In the Huang-Huai-Hai region,the problems such as high grain moisture content and poor grain harvest quality were prominent during the summer maize harvest period,which have become the bottleneck of maize mechanization development in this region.The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for selection and popularization of maize varieties suitable for mechanized grain harvest by studying the differences in grain filling and dehydration characteristics among different summer maize varieties.Dika 517(DK517),Jingnongke 728(JNK728) and Zhengdan 958(ZD958) were used as test materials.The indicators such as grain filling process parameters,dehydration parameters and yield were analyzed.The results showed that the 100-grain weight of JNK728 was higher than that of DK517 and ZD958 at grain filling stage,and the increase amplitude reached 31.79% and 22.33% respectively at physiological maturity stage.Compared with ZD958,the two-year average of filling starting potential(R_(0)) of DK517 and JNK728 increased by 89.71% and 69.12%,and that of the filling active stage(P) increased by 21.62% and 21.83%.The grain moisture content of DK517 was always lower than that of JNK728 and ZD958,and it was 33.12% and 25.69% lower than that of JNK728 and ZD958 at physiological maturity stage.The two-year average value of total dehydration rate and average dehydration rate after physiological maturity of DK517 were 5.62% and 7.15%,and 60.74% and 47.49% higher than JNK728 and ZD958,respectively.Correlation analysis results showed that there were very significantly or significantly positive correlation between average grain dehydration rate after physiological maturity and total grain dehydration rate.In 2020,the yield of DK517 was the highest as 10 275 kg/hm^(2),which was 14.17% and 23.38% higher than that of ZD958 and JNK728.Compared with ZD958,the yield of JNK728 and DK517 increased by 22.53% and 10.96% in 2021.The average yield of the two years showed as DK517 > JNK728 > ZD958.In conclusion,the grain-harvesting varieties DK517 and JNK728 had characteristics as longer grain filling activity period,higher grain filling initiation potential,and higher total grain dehydration rate.The average dehydration rate of DK517 was faster both at pre-and post-physiological maturity stage,while that of JNK728 was mainly at pre-physiological maturity stage.