燃煤耦合垃圾焚烧技术中试试验

Pilot-test of coal-fired boiler coupling with waste incineration technology

随着城市发展,生活垃圾产量逐年上升,焚烧需求旺盛。但传统垃圾焚烧发电厂存在热效率低、环保成本高、经济性差等缺点,长期依赖财政补贴。燃煤耦合垃圾焚烧发电技术可利用现有燃煤机组协同处理垃圾,降低垃圾发电成本,减少存量煤电煤耗,降低燃煤电厂碳排放。但垃圾焚烧会产生大量二噁英,可能对燃煤机组烟气排放毒性产生较大影响。在一台100 kW燃煤耦合垃圾焚烧中试试验台上开展研究,分析了耦合垃圾对燃煤锅炉运行特性及污染物排放特性的影响,并研究了在垃圾中掺混赤泥抑制二噁英排放的效果。试验结果表明,耦合垃圾焚烧后,煤粉炉的炉膛温度分布更均匀,燃烧室和炉膛下区域温度下降约30℃,炉膛上区域温度上升约35℃;煤粉炉高温对二噁英的热分解作用明显,且当垃圾中掺混赤泥后,煤粉炉出口烟气中二噁英质量浓度降至0.003 4 ng/m^(3),低于国家规定的垃圾焚烧烟气二噁英排放浓度,抑制作用明显。

The production of municipal solid waste increases year with year as the development of urban modernization.The demand for waste incineration is strong.However,the traditional waste incineration power plant has the disadvantages of low thermal efficiency,high environmental protection costs,and worse economic performance,which make it rely on financial subsidies from the government.The coal-fired power plant coupling with waste incineration technology can co-process municipal solid waste,reduce the cost of waste incineration,and reduce the coal consumption and CO_(2) emission of coal-fired power plants.However,the waste incineration process will generate a lot of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs),which may increase the toxicity of the flue gas of coal-fired boiler.To investigate the influences of coupling technology on coal-fired boilers,the experiments were conducted on a 100 kW pilot-test bench.The combustion characteristics and pollutant emission characteristics were analyzed in the experiments.The results indicate that the temperature distribution of the coal-fired boiler become more even after coupling with waste incineration,and the temperature of the combustion zone and lower zone of the boiler decreases about 30℃,while the temperature of the upper zone increases about 35℃.The decomposition effects of coal-fired boiler on PCDD/Fs are very obvious.When the red mud is blended with the waste,the PCDD/Fs concentration of the flue gas of a coal-fired boiler decreases to 0.0034 ng/m^(3),which can meet the standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration of China.