论思政课学生悟道理的认知加工及其推进策略

On the Cognitive Processing and Promoting Strategies of Students'Comprehension of the Truth in Ideological and Political Courses

思政课的本质是讲道理,老师的“用心教”要启发学生的“用心悟”才能达到效果。认知是悟道理的基础,要启发学生悟道理,需要对学生悟道理的认知加工及其推进策略进行研究。思政课所讲的道理决定了学生对道理的悟具有领悟、顿悟、觉悟三个层次。从学习认知的视角来看,领悟发生在知识获得中,认知加工的关键在认知结构的建构;顿悟发生在问题解决中,认知加工的关键在问题表征的形成;觉悟发生在道理运用中,认知加工的关键在学习迁移的发生。为此,思政课应当通过学理化的论证、系统性的阐释、认知冲突的消解来推动认知结构的发展;通过对问题情境关键信息的提取和讲解促进问题表征的形成;通过学生能力的培养、问题情境的丰富、学习环境的拓展助力学习迁移的发生。

The essence of ideological and political courses is to bring out the facts and reasons.The"teaching by heart"should inspire the"comprehending by heart"to achieve the desired effect.Cognition is the basis of truth realization.In order to inspire students to comprehend the truth,it is necessary to explore its cognitive processing and promoting strategies of students'realization.The truth taught in ideological and political courses determines that students'comprehension of the truth has three levels:comprehension,insight and consciousness.From the perspective of learning cognition,comprehension occurs in knowledge acquisition,and the key of cognitive processing lies in the construction of cognitive structure.Insight occurs in problem solving,and the key lies in the formation of problem representation.Consciousness occurs in the application of truth,and the key is the occurrence of learning transfer.Therefore,the teaching of ideological and political courses should promote the development of cognitive structure through the theoretical demonstration,systematic explanation and resolution of cognitive conflicts.To promote the formation of problem representation,teachers should extract and explain the key information of problem context.Teachers need to promote the transfer of learning through the ability cultivation,enrichment of problem situations and expansion of learning environment.