美国南方文艺复兴小说:环境史语境、生态维度与中国视角

Southern Renaissance Fiction in America:Context of Environmental History,Ecological Dimensions,and Chinese Perspective

19世纪末至20世纪上半叶,美国南方工业化创造了前所未有的物质财富,也产生了难以弥补的生态创伤,体现了西方现代化的局限。由于南方文艺复兴文学所处的历史语境正是南方工业化、现代化快速发展的时期,这一时期小说创作中的环境书写成为认知和剖析南方现代化乃至西方现代化的重要载体。作家们或以鲜明立场批判西方现代化的种种弊端,或以矛盾心态含混呈现工业发展与生态环境保护之间的悖论议题,或以去人类中心立场重塑人与自然在社会变革中的身份与关联,为中国学界审视西方现代化提供了重要文学素材。以中国式现代化视角鉴赏并评析这一时期作家作品中环境书写的主题意蕴、审美价值和生态维度,观照南方文艺复兴作家对西方现代化的回应、批判和反思,可以为中国式现代化与西方现代化的比较提供话语资源。

Between the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century,the industrialization of the southern United States created unprecedented material wealth and irreparable ecological damage,reflecting the limitations of Western modernization.As the historical context of the Southern Renaissance literature coincided with the rapid development of industrialization and modernization in the South,environmental writings in the novels written during this period became an important vehicle for understanding and analyzing Southern modernization,and even Western modernization.Writers in this period have provided important literary materials for Chinese academia to examine Western modernization,either by criticizing the various drawbacks of Western modernization with a distinct standpoint,or by presenting the paradoxical issue between industrial development and ecological environment protection with a contradictory mindset,or by reshaping the identity and correlation between humans and nature in social transformation from a de-anthropocentric perspective.From the perspective of Chinese modernization,studying the environmental writings in Southern Renaissance fiction,and examining writers’responses,criticisms,and reflections towards Western modernization can provide discourse resources for the comparison between Chinese modernization and Western modernization.