模拟退火遗传算法在自由曲面数控加工中的实验

Experiment of Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithmin NC Machining of Free-Form Surface

在自由曲面的加工中,一直面临着加工时间长的问题,本研究以提高加工效率为目的,通过分析待加工自由曲面的面曲率、残余高度等参数,计算出合理的加工步长和行距,并以此为依据将待加工曲面离散成点云即为刀触点。将刀具路径规划问题转化为求解TSP问题的最优解,为避免遗传算法早熟陷入局部最优解,引入了模拟退火算法进行改进,使用改进后的混合算法进行刀具路径寻优。对优化方法进行了仿真加工、实验加工及测量,结果表明优化方法相比传统方法刀路长度最多减少303.4mm,相对缩短了12.3%,加工效率提升较为明显,并且加工表面也取得了较好的加工效果。

In the processing of free-form surfaces,it has been facing the problem of long processing time.The purpose of this re-search is to improve processing efficiency.By analyzing the surface curvature,residual height and other parameters of the freeform surface,a reasonable processing step length and line spacing are calculated.Based on this,the surface to be processed is dis-cretized into a point cloud,which is the knife contact point.Convert the tool path planning problem into the optimal solution to solve the TSP problem,In order to prevent the genetic algorithm from falling into the local optimal solution prematurely,the simu-lated annealing algorithm is introduced to improve it.Use the improved hybrid algorithm to optimize the tool path.The optimiza-tion method is simulated,experimented and measured.The results show that the optimized method reduces the tool path length by up to 303.4mm compared with the traditional method,which is a relative reduction of 12.3%.The processing efficiency has been improved significantly,and the processed surface has also achieved better processing results.