致用书院治学趋向之变化及其原因

Changes in the Tendency of Zhiyong Academy and Its Causes

致用书院在清末福建教育界明确高揭“致用”的办学宗旨,其生徒在研读经史之余,始终关注国家局势的风云变幻。第二任山长郑世恭与第三任山长谢章铤主持书院时期,恰好贯穿了整个光绪朝,民族危机的不断加深和郑谢二人的不同人生经历,促使致用书院在治学风格和趋向上发生显著变化。以致用书院课艺为考察对象,可见其视角从全国转向福建,更加精细、更加务实;更多关注海疆和海权,视野从领土危机扩展到商贸、科技、文化等方面;传统考据也更加侧重民族关系、古代战争、舆地变迁等论题。

Zhiyong Academy in the late Qing Dynasty in the education sector of Fujian Province clearly held high the “Zhiyong” as the purpose of running the school,and its students always paid attention to the changes of the national situation in addition to the study of history and the classics.The second principal Zheng Shigong and the third principal Xie Zhangting presided over the academy during the entire Guangxu Reign,the deepening of the national crisis and different life experiences of two principals,make significant changes in the governance of the academy.Taking essays of Zhiyong Academy as the object of investigation,its perspective shifted from the whole country to Fujian,which was more delicate and pragmatic;it paid more attention to the sea border and sea power,and its vision was expanded from territorial crises to commerce,science and technology,and culture;and its traditional research focused more on the topics of ethnic relations,ancient wars,and the change of land.