吉林省西部地区重要经济鱼类的肌肉营养成分比较

Analysis and comparison of muscle nutrient components of important economic fishes in west Jilin Province

为了解吉林省西部地区盐碱水域重要经济鱼类的营养价值,分析比较了鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius)、鲫(Carassius auratus)等6种重要鱼类的常规营养成分和氨基酸组成。结果显示,6种鱼类肌肉(鲜样)中水分质量分数为76.53%~81.53%、粗脂肪为0.23%~1.40%、粗蛋白质为15.43%~19.63%;6种鱼类肌肉所检测的17种氨基酸中,人体必需的氨基酸总量在13.19%~17.44%(干样),不同种类鱼之间差异不显著,其必需氨基酸组成均与FAO/WHO建议的标准一致,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为38.55~49.63;4种鲜味氨基酸为12.76%~16.51%(干样),各组间差异不明显。总体上看,6种鱼类中,翘嘴鲌是营养组成及含量最理想的品种。试验结果表明,吉林省西部地区几种重要经济鱼类均具有低脂肪、高蛋白的特点,而且氨基酸平衡性较好。

In order to understand the nutritional value of important economic fish in saline-alkali waters of western Jilin Province,the regular nutrient composition and amino acid composition in the muscle of 6 important fish,such as Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Aristichthys nobilis,Cyprinus carpio,Culter alburnus,Protosalanx hyalocranius,Carassius auratus were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the content of moisture was 76.53%to 81.53%,the content of crude protein was 15.43%to 19.63%and the content of crude fat was 0.23%to 1.40%in the fresh muscle samples of 6 kinds of fish.Total 17 amino acids were identified.The content of the essential amino acid(EAA,eight species)ranged from 13.19%to 17.44%(dry sample),and there was no significant difference among different fish species.The EAA compositions was consistent with the requirements recommended by FAO/WHO.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 38.55~49.63.The contents of four delicious amino acid(DAA)were 12.76%~16.51%(dry sample),and there was no significant difference among all the tested fish.In general,the Culter alburnus was the most ideal species due to its balanced amino acid composition.The results indicated that the above six important economic fish have the characteristics of low fat,high protein,and good balance of amino acids in the western region of Jilin Province.