区域性渔业管理组织国外研究进展及对中国的启示

Development of foreign research on regional fisheries management organizations and its implications for China

区域性渔业管理组织(RFMO)是当前国际公海渔业管理的主要机制,也是公海渔业管理研究的重点之一。西方远洋渔业发展起步早,国外学者较早开始关注RFMO,开展了大量的RFMO理论和实践研究。本文采用文献计量分析梳理了RFMO国外研究,并以知识图谱方式呈现国外研究进展与热点。定量分析结果显示,RFMO国外研究数量总体呈上升趋势;研究领域涉及渔业、环境和国际关系等自然和社会科学;美国、英国和澳大利亚等对研究的关注度较高。此外,关键词分析结果表明,国外学者比较关注RFMO视角下的渔业管理、南大洋等重要海域、气候变化、生态系统、海洋保护区、海洋法等问题,研究重点呈现出从生物资源生物学逐步转向公海生物资源管理和海洋生态系统保护等的趋势。在此基础上,本文进一步定性分析了RFMO国外研究,发现RFMO国外研究更敢于以创新性研究视角探索传统的RFMO研究话题,研究方法更趋科学性,注重研究的辩证性、整体性、比较性和连续性,研究意识也比较超前,善于发现RFMO研究的新领域。本文通过定量和定性分析RFMO研究文献,探究RFMO国外研究进展,为国内学者切实提升RFMO研究的深度和广度提供参考和思路。

Regional fisheries management organizations(RFMOs)are currently the main mechanism of interna-tional high seas fisheries management and one of the focal points of high seas fisheries management research.The development of distant-water fisheries in the West started earlier,and foreign researchers started theoretical and applied RFMO research earlier than those in China.Due to the long history of foreign research on RFMO,a more mature research system on RFMO theory and practice has been formed,with a wide range of research areas and relatively scientific research methods.This has produced a large number of far-reaching research results,which are of great significance for understanding the mechanism of RFMOs,the formulation and implementation of RFMO conservation and management measures,and the development trend of RFMOs.In this paper,bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses are conducted to review foreign research on RFMO and present the research pro-gress and focus.The results of quantitative analyses show that the number of foreign RFMO studies has been gen-erally on the rise,research topics have covered natural and social sciences such as fishery,environment,and inter-national relations.The United States,the United Kingdom,and Australia have attached great importance to RFMO research.The results of keyword analysis show that the focus of foreign RFMO research includes fisheries man-agement,the Southern Ocean,climate change,ecosystems,marine protected areas,and the law of the sea;the trend of foreign RFMO research has gradually shifted from biological research on biological resources to scientific man-agement of high seas fisheries resources and ecosystem protection.On this basis,this paper conducts further qualit-ative analyses and finds that foreign RFMO researchers tend to explore the traditional RFMO research topics from a more innovative perspective,conduct the research in a more scientific method,making the research more dia-lectic,systematic,comparative,and continuous,and their research consciousness is so raised that they are always sensitive to new RFMO research topics.Through quantitative and qualitative analyses of RFMO foreign studies,this paper summarizes their research development and tries to provide some inspiration for domestic scholars to effectively improve the depth and breadth of RFMO research.