数字贸易规则深度效应——基于商业服务出口与政府服务出口的视角

The Depth Eff ect of Digital Trade Rules:the Perspective of Commercial Service Export and Government Service Export

本文从服务贸易视角探讨RTA数字贸易规则带来的影响,探讨其对商业服务出口与政府服务出口的影响有何区别。基于TAPED数据库与BaTIS数据库,文章选取2011—2019年签订数字贸易协定国家的双边服务贸易额为样本,在测定协定中数字规则条款深度的基础上,实证考察了其对商业服务出口与政府服务出口的影响。结果表明:RTA数字贸易规则深度正向促进了商业服务出口,且结果稳健,对政府服务出口的影响并不显著;负向限制的数字限制壁垒对商业服务出口与政府服务出口均有影响,对政府服务出口的负向影响更大。根据收入与贸易规则模板划分国家面板发现,数字贸易规则深度对高收入与低收入国家间的相互出口影响显著,且对美式模板的影响相较欧式模板与中式模板更为显著,分样本讨论其影响途径在各国推进双边贸易协定签订的过程中具有重要的现实意义。

This paper discusses the impact of RTA digital trade rules from the perspective of service trade,and examines the difference between its impact on commercial service export and government service export.Leveraging TAPED and BaTIS databases,the paper draws bilateral service trade volume of countries that signed digital trade agreements from 2011 to 2019 as the sample,and empirically analyzes the infl uence on commercial service export and government service export on the basis of measuring the depth of digital rules in the agreements.The results indicate that RTA digital trade rules have a positive eff ect on the export of commercial services and the outcomes are stable.However,the impact on the export of government services is not signifi cant.The negative barriers to digital trade have an impact on both commercial service export and government service export and the negative impact on government service export is more significant.Upon categorizing country panels based on income levels and trade rule templates,the analysis indicates that the depth of digital trade rules significantly affects export relationships between high-income and lowincome countries.The impact is notable on the American template compared to those of Europe and China.Delving into the mechanisms of the impact through sample examination holds considerable importance for facilitating the negotiation of bilateral trade agreements between countries.