让神话的精神自己起作用——钱特皮与神话现象学的早期发展

Let Myth’s Spirit Work on Himself——Chantepie de la Saussaye and the Early Development of the Phenonmenology of Myth

钱特皮是宗教现象学方法的创建者,他从宗教学视角对神话现象进行了较为详尽的分析。这代表了比较神话学的一个重要取向。从这一方法出发,他对神话现象进行了非历史的或系统的、非神学的以及反化约论的解释,对当时的主要神话理论进行了批判总结。他反对神话学中的各种寓言式解读,包括实用式解释(犹希迈罗斯主义)、心理式解释与自然式解释,而强调要重视神话本身的特质。他认为神话学必须依靠直接的直观来把握住神话的有机整体,让神话的精神自己起作用。这一视野预示了20世纪神话现象学发展的诸多特征。

Chantepie de la Saussaye,the founder of the phenomenology of religion,made a detailed analysis of mythological phenomena from the perspective of science of religion,representing an important orientation of comparative mythology.He gave a non-historical or systematic,non-theological and anti-reductionist explanation of myth,and made a critical reflection of the main mythological theories of the time.He opposed all kinds of allegorical interpretation in mythology,including practical interpretation(Euhemerism),spiritual interpretation and natural interpretation,and emphasized its own characteristics of myth.He argued that the organic whole of myth must be grasped by direct intuition and let its spirit work on himself.This perspective predicted many features of the phenomenology of myth in the 20th century.