基于无人机低空投饵技术的高原鼠兔防控效果研究

Study on the Population Control Effectiveness of Plateau Pika Based on Low-Altitude Baiting Technology By Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV)

为明确无人机在不同投饵参数下对高原鼠兔的防控效果,本研究采用不同剂量雷公藤甲素颗粒剂、C型肉毒梭菌毒素颗粒剂、C型肉毒梭菌毒素水剂和D型肉毒梭菌毒素水剂4种灭鼠剂对果洛藏族自治州达日县高寒草甸高原鼠兔种群密度进行了不同飞行参数投饵研究。结果表明,饵剂投放7 d和4个月后,使用无人机投放C型肉毒素颗粒剂的最优飞行高度、速度和舱门开合度为11 m、7 m/s、59%,投饵量为3.00 kg/hm^(2),而投放D型肉毒素水剂的最优飞行高度、速度和舱门开合度为14 m、11 m/s、50%,投饵量为4.50 kg/hm^(2);使用无人机投放C型肉毒素水剂的最优飞行高度、速度和舱门开合度为17m、7 m/s、41%,最优投饵量为3.00 kg/hm^(2),投放雷公藤颗粒剂的最优飞行高度、速度和开合度为17 m、9 m/s、68%,投饵量为3.38 kg/hm^(2);使用无人机投放C型肉毒素颗粒剂的防治效果(92.67%)高于投放D型肉毒素水剂(89.60%)、C型肉毒素水剂(88.19%)和雷公藤颗粒剂(79.28%)。综合评估无人机投饵的防效和药物成本,建议在高原鼠兔极度危害区采用无人机投放C型肉毒素颗粒剂进行防控,迅速降低其种群密度,而在轻中度危害区采用无人机投放雷公藤颗粒剂,这样既降低了高原鼠兔的种群密度,也避免了由于C型肉毒素等灭鼠剂的“种群清除式”灭杀而导致的食物链失衡。

To determine the control effect of UAVs on plateau pika under different feeding parameters,four kinds of rodenticides such as triptolide granules,Clostridium botulinum toxin type C granules,Clostridium botulinum toxin type C water agent and Clostridium botulinum toxin type D water agent,were used to investigate the pika population density under different flight parameters on the alpine grassland plateau in Dari County,Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.The results showed that after 7 days and 4 months of bait delivery,the optimal flight altitude,speed and hatch opening degree of type C botulinum toxin granule were 11 m,7 m/s,59%.The feeding amount was 3.00 kg/hm^(2),while the optimal flight altitude,speed and opening degree of type D botulinum toxin water agent were 14 m,11 m/s,50%,and the feeding amount was 4.50 kg/hm^(2).The optimal flight altitude,speed and opening degree of Botox C water agent used by UAV were 17 m,7 m/s,41%,Thile the optimal feeding amount was 3.00 kg/hm^(2),the optimal flight altitude,speed and opening degree of triptolide granules were 17 m,9 m/s,68%,and the feeding amount was 3.38 kg/hm^(2).The control effect of Type C botulinum toxin granules(92.67%)was higher than that of type D botulinum toxin water agents(89.60%),type C botulinum toxin water agents(88.19%)and triptolide granules(79.28%).Comprehensive evaluating the control effect and drug cost of UAV flight,it is suggested that type C botulinum toxin granules should be used for prevention and control in the extremely dangerous areas of plateau pikas to rapidly reduce their population density.Triptolide granules are used in moderate hazard areas,which not only reduces the population density of plateau pikas,but also avoids the imbalance of the food chain caused by the"population clearance"of rodenticide such as type C botulinum.