繁殖期鸽乳的成分及形成机制研究进展

Composition and Formation Mechanism of Crop Milk in Pigeon During the Breeding Cycle:A Review

鸽子是许多国家重要的经济家禽品种。作为一种晚成鸟,其生长发育在很大程度上依赖于第1周嗉囊组织产生的鸽乳。鸽乳具有蛋白质和脂肪含量高、碳水化合物含量低的特点,并且鸽乳的形成涉及一个复杂的调控网络,其形成机制有2个生物过程,一是嗉囊表皮细胞的增殖脱落,二是细胞内营养物质的积累。在激素尤其是催乳素的刺激下,嗉囊细胞大量增殖,嗉囊表皮的增殖也受到非编码RNA的影响。同时,嗉囊表皮细胞中也合成了大量的营养物质,如蛋白质、脂类等。当营养物质积累到一定水平时,表皮细胞发生凋亡,使富含营养物质的上皮细胞大量脱落,形成鸽乳。该文综述鸽子在繁殖周期内鸽乳的成分及其形成机制研究进展,这对更好地了解晚成鸟的生理需求和人工嗉囊乳的开发具有重要意义,为发展鸽产业提供理论参考。

Pigeon is an important economic poultry species in many countries.As an altricial bird,its growth and development are largely reliant on pigeon milk produced by the crop tissue in thefirst week.pigeon milk is characterized by high concentrations of protein and fat and low concentrations of carbohydrates,The formation of pigeon milk is involved in a very complex regulatory network,Two biological processes are involved.One is the proliferation and shedding of crop epidermal cells,and the other is the accumulation of nutrients in cells.Under the stimulation of hormones,especially prolactin,crop cells proliferate massively,and the proliferation of the crop epidermis is also affected by non-coding RNAs.Meanwhile,a large number of nutrients,such as proteins and lipids,are synthesized in crop epidermal cells.When nutrients have accumulated to a certain level,apoptosis of epidermal cells occurs,which leads to the shedding of a mass of epithelial cells that are full of nutrients to form pigeon milk.This paper reviews pigeon during the breeding cycle,the composition of pigeon crop milk,and the mechanism of its formation,which is important for a better understanding of the physiology of altricial birds and the development of artificial crop milk,and Provide theoretical basis for the development of pigeon industry.