论《西洲曲》“莲子青如水”的入韵问题

On the Rhyme of “Lianzi Qing Rushui” in “Xizhou Qu”

《西洲曲》全诗四句一换韵,规律明显且整饬,唯有“莲子青如水”一句,无法与该句所属韵律单元的首、二句韵脚“秋”“头”为韵。通过《西洲曲》本初文本的确定及其用韵分析、“水”“木”形近致讹辨析、西曲产生地语音实际考证,兹认为:“水”字在现今确立的古音体系里仍存在问题;作“莲子青如木”不符合常理;《西洲曲》当属西曲,其语音实际为产生地鄂东南一带的方音,“水”的语音实际在中古音系中或正可与“秋”“头”为韵,与今“许”音通或音近。

The entire poem “Xizhou Qu” changes rhymes every four lines,and the pattern is obvious and neat.However,the line “Lianzi qing rushui” cannot rhyme with “qiu” in the first line and “tou” in the second line of the rhyme unit.Through the determination of the original text of “Xizhou Qu” and its rhyme analysis,discrimination of “shui” and “mu”,the two characters with similar configurations,and the research on the actual pronunciation in xiqu's birthplace,this paper considers that according to the established ancient phonetic system,it is problematic if the last character of the line is “shui”,and it is yet not reasonable if the line is “Lianzi qing rumu”.“Xizhou Qu” belongs to xiqu,and its pronunciation is the same as the accent of the dialect of the southeastern Hubei area where it developed.Thus,it is believed that “shui” perhaps can rhyme with “qiu” and “tou” in the middle ancient phonological system,and its pronunciation is similar to “xu” today.