不同播期温光条件对籼稻产量和品质的影响

Effects of Temperature and Light Conditions on Yield and Quality of Indica Rice under Different Sowing Dates

为明确豫南稻区籼稻高产优质的温光条件,采用大田试验,以3个籼稻品种(兆优5431、中浙优8号和Y两优900)为试验材料,连续2 a研究不同播期[4月15日(T1)、4月30日(T2)、5月15日(T3)、5月30日(T4)和6月14日(T5)]下籼稻抽穗至成熟的积温、累积光照时间、累积光照强度和产量及稻米加工品质、外观品质、营养品质、蒸煮品质,并进行不同播期下温光因子对籼稻稻米品质影响的冗余分析(RDA),通过温光因子的解释率找出影响豫南稻区稻米品质的关键环境因子。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,3个籼稻品种的产量、加工品质和营养品质均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,2 a均表现为T2处理产量最高,加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮品质较好,T5处理产量和品质表现最差。其中,2019年T2处理产量较T5处理提高129.4%,整精米率提高32.1%,垩白度、垩白粒率分别降低69.8%、69.9%,直链淀粉含量降低13.7%;2020年T2处理产量较T5处理提高271.0%,整精米率提高83.9%,垩白度、垩白粒率分别降低85.2%、77.6%,直链淀粉含量降低19.2%。稻米蛋白质含量则是T3处理最高,2019年和2020年T3处理较T5处理分别提高13.6%和20.0%。T2与T3处理间各品质指标差异均不显著。2 a产量均以T2处理下Y两优900最高,且其品质较好。3个品种抽穗到成熟阶段的积温、累积光照时间、累积光照强度均随着播期的推迟呈下降趋势,其中Y两优900的积温和累积光照时间下降幅度最大,兆优5431和中浙优8号下降幅度相当。RDA和解释率分析发现,水稻抽穗至成熟阶段的温光因子是造成稻米品质差异的主要环境因素,抽穗后10~20 d的累积光照时间是影响稻米品质的最主要生态因子。综上,豫南稻区籼稻以4月30日播种产量最高,且品质较好。

In order to clarify the temperature and light conditions for high yield and high quality of indica rice in southern Henan,a field experiment was conducted with three indica rice varieties(Zhaoyou 5431,Zhongzheyou 8 and Yliangyou 900)as experimental materials.The accumulated temperature,accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of indica rice from heading to maturity under different sowing dates of April 15(T1),April 30(T2),May 15(T3),May 30(T4)and June 14(T5)were analyzed for two consecutive years,and the rice yield,milling quality,appearance quality,nutritional quality and cooking quality were analyzed.The redundancy analysis(RDA)of the effect of temperature and light factors on the quality of indica rice under different sowing dates was carried out,and the key environmental factors affecting the quality of rice in southern Henan were found through the interpretation rate of temperature and light factors.The results showed that with the delay of sowing date,the yield,milling quality and nutritional quality of the three indica rice varieties increased first and then decreased.In the two years,the yield of T2 treatment was the highest,the milling quality,appearance quality and cooking quality were better,and the yield and quality of T5 treatment were the worst.Among them,in 2019,the yield of T2 treatment increased by 129.4%compared with T5 treatment,the head milled rice rate increased by 32.1%,the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 69.8%and 69.9%,respectively,and the amylose content decreased by 13.7%.In 2020,the yield of T2 treatment increased by 271.0%compared with T5 treatment,the head milled rice rate increased by 83.9%,the chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate decreased by 85.2%and 77.6%,respectively,and the amylose content decreased by 19.2%.The protein content of rice was the highest under T3 treatment,which was 13.6%and 20.0%higher than that under T5 treatment in 2019 and 2020,respectively.There was no significant difference in quality indexes between T2 and T3 treatments.The yield of Yliangyou 900 under T2 treatment was the highest in both years,and its quality was better.The accumulated temperature,accumulated light time and accumulated light intensity of the three varieties from heading to maturity decreased with the delay of sowing date.The accumulated temperature and accumulated light time of Yliangyou 900 decreased the most,and the decrease of Zhaoyou 5431 and Zhongzheyou 8 was similar.RDA and interpretation rate analysis showed that the temperature and light factors from heading to mature stage were the main environmental factors that caused the difference of rice quality,and the accumulated light time of 10—20 days after heading was the most important ecological factor affecting rice quality.In summary,the yield of indica rice in southern Henan is the highest when sown on April 30,and the quality is better.