水足迹视角下黄土丘陵区农业水土资源匹配格局——以山西省和顺县为例

Matching pattern of agricultural water and land resources in loess hilly areas from the perspective of water footprint:Taking Heshun County of Shanxi Province as an example

从水足迹视角出发,运用CROPWAT及标准差椭圆模型分析2010—2019年山西省和顺县乡镇域主要农作物生产水足迹和耕地面积的时空变化,运用基尼系数及空间失配指数深入研究2010年、2014年、2019年乡镇域农业水土资源时空匹配格局,并明确调控方向。结果表明,研究期间,和顺县作物生产水足迹、蓝水足迹、绿水足迹和耕地面积总体上均呈下降趋势;绿水足迹对各区域作物生产水足迹的构成贡献最大,占比均超过62.0%;和顺县西部地区作物生产水足迹和耕地的空间聚集性不断增强;和顺县作物生产水足迹、蓝水足迹、绿水足迹与耕地之间的空间失配均逐渐加剧,中部和东部地区农业水土资源分别为中度失配和重度失配,是和顺县未来农业水土资源调控的重点地区;可以将县域10个乡镇分别划分为水源涵养调蓄、水土优化调控与引水节水灌溉3个调控区。总的来说,受社会经济、生产要素投入和气候条件的影响,和顺县农业水土资源匹配协调水平处于失衡状态,但在调控区划分的基础上,有针对性地进行人工调控,仍可实现农业水土资源匹配协调水平的较大提升。

From the perspective of water footprint,the spatial and temporal changes of production water footprint and cultivated land area of main crops in rural areas of Heshun County,Shanxi Province,from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed using CROPWAT and standard deviation ellipse model,the spatial-temporal matching pattern of agricultural water and land resources in rural areas in 2010,2014 and 2019 was studied using Gini coefficient and spatial mismatch index,and the direction of regulation was clarified.The results showed that,during the study period,Heshun County’s crop production water footprint,blue water footprint,green water footprint and cultivated land area all showed a downward trend.Green water footprint contributed the most to the total water footprint of crop production in all regions,and the proportion of green water footprint in crop production water footprint in all counties and townships was more than 62.0%.The spatial aggregation of crop production water footprint and arable land resources was increasing in western Heshun County,while the spatial mismatch between crop production water footprint,blue water footprint,green water footprint and arable land resources was increasing in Heshun County,the agricultural water and soil resources in the central and eastern regions of Heshun County were moderately mismatched and severely mismatched,respectively,which would be the key areas for agricultural water and land resources control in the future.Ten townships in the county could be divided into three control areas:water conservation and storage control areas,water and land optimization regulation control areas,and diversion water-saving irrigation control areas.In general,Heshun County’s agricultural water and land resources were out of balance due to social economy,input of production factors and climatic conditions,but were controlled artificially on the basis of the division of control zones,it could still achieve a greater improvement in the matching and coordination level of agricultural water and land resources.