作者意图与文本效果的乖离——《骆驼祥子》教学札记二题

The Divergence Between Author’s Intention and Text Effect—— Two Teaching Notes in Rickshaw Boy

老舍的初衷自然是要把祥子写成一个“受害者”,从而暴露社会制度与社会环境的黑暗与不合理。但一个作家只要对生活与人性有诚实的观察,总能有意无意间表现出生活、人性本身的丰富性与复杂性。祥子走向失败与堕落的结局有制度与环境方面的原因,亦是他一系列选择的结果——而这些选择并不都是被强迫的,多数情况下,是祥子的自主选择。老舍对虎妞这个人物带有主观恶意,但虎妞这个人物事实上构成对男权文化的女性想象的反抗与挑战。虎妞完全不是男人想象中的女人,虎妞活在自己的想象当中;虎妞也不是男人欲望中的女人,虎妞活在自己的欲望之中。

Lao She’s original intention is naturally to write Xiangzi as a“victim”,thus exposing the darkness and irrationality of the social system and social environment.However,if a writer has an honest observation of life and human nature,he can always show the richness and complexity of life and human nature.Xiangzi’s failure and degradation lies in institutional and environmental reasons,as well as the result of a series of choices—not all of which are forced,but in most cases are his own choices.Lao She has subjective malice towards the character of Tigress,but the character of Tigress constitutes a resistance and challenge to the female imagination of the patriarchal culture.Tigress is not a man’s imagination of the woman,and she lives in their own imagination;Tigress is not a woman in a man’s desire,and she lives in her own desire.