火灾滤毒工具的防护性能研究

Research on the protective performance of fire filter tools

为探究在特定工况下湿毛巾和过滤式消防自救呼吸器的防护性能,搭建滤毒工具防护性能测试平台,针对火灾场景中的常见燃烧物,选择硬质聚氨酯、软质聚氨酯、纸张、木材、棉布、PVC、锂电池7种材料,分别测试其燃烧产物中的主要气体成分,分析普通毛巾对气体、烟尘和高温的防护性能。在特定工况下的试验结果表明:湿毛巾对7种燃烧物产生的PM10颗粒具有一定的过滤效果,平均过滤效率为25.57%;对高温烟气具有降温作用,平均降幅为29.1℃;对HCN和CO未见明显过滤效果,对C2H4O的平均过滤效率约为28%,对SO_(2)的平均过滤效率约为75%,对HCl的平均过滤效率约为84%;对比测试过滤式消防自救呼吸器对CO和烟尘的防护能力,其性能远高于湿毛巾,并具有更低的呼吸阻力。

In order to explore the protective performance of wet towels and filtering self-saving respirator under specific working conditions,a testing platform for the protective performance of filter tools was built.Seven materials,including hard polyurethane,soft polyurethane,paper,wood,cotton,PVC,and lithium batteries,were selected to test the main gas components in the combustion products,and the protective performance of ordinary towels against gas,smoke,and temperature was analyzed.The experimental results under specific operating conditions indicate that wet towels have a certain filtering effect on PM10 produced by 7 types of combustion materials,with an average filtering efficiency of 25.57%;It has a cooling effect on high-temperature flue gas,with an average decrease of 29.1℃;No significant filtration effect was observed for HCN and CO,with an average filtration efficiency of about 28%for C2H4O,75%for SO2,and 84%for HCl;Considering the protective ability of the filtering self-saving respirator against CO and smoke,its performance is much better than wet towel,and has lower respiratory resistance.