教育系统学习者数据保护研究——《关注数据:保护学习者的隐私与安全》要点与思考

Study on Learner Data Protection in Education System:Key Points and Reflections of Minding the Data:Protecting Learners’Privacy and Security

联合国教科文组织发布《关注数据:保护学习者的隐私与安全》,指出教育数字化转型过程中的数据使用是一把双刃剑,在为教育系统带来巨大潜力的同时,也增加了数据滥用伤害学习者的可能性,这对我国当前教育数字化转型发展下的学习者数据保护提出了一定思考。在信息通信技术渗透教育以及疫情加速教育数据化的背景下,数据保护面临数据无形性影响问责制、安全保障存在漏洞、学习者无法“有意义”同意数据使用条款、数据在暗处被用于商业目的等挑战,因此,联合国教科文组织提出建立数据保护的国际性与区域性规范框架、通过“技术设计”和官方监测保护学习者数据、提升学习者和教育工作者数字素养的行动建议。我国未来在教育系统学习者数据保护上应制定专门的学习者数据保护政策,积极探索出台教育技术供应商的官方认证计划,发展“差异隐私”的教育系统、学习平台和资源。

UNESCO published Minding the Data:Protecting Learners’Privacy and Security,pointing out that the use of data in the process of digital transformation of education is a double-edged sword,which brings great potential for the education system,but also increases the possibility of data abuse to harm learners,and brings certain thoughts for the protection of learner data under the current development of digital transformation of education in China.In the context of the penetration of ICTs into education and the acceleration of the datafication of education by the pandemic,data protection faces challenges such as accountability for the invisible impact of data,security gaps,learners’inability to“meaningfully”agree to terms of use of data,and data being used as commercial value in the dark,so UNESCO proposes to establish an international and regional normative framework for data protection.Recommendations for action to protect learner data through“technology by design”and official monitoring to strengthen digital literacy for learners and educators.In the future,China should formulate a special learner data protection policy,actively explore the introduction of an official certification plan for educational technology suppliers,and develop an education system,learning platform and resources with“differential privacy”.