甘薯起垄整形机的设计与试验

Design and Test of Ridge Forming Machine for Sweet Potato

垄作种植模式对我国部分农作物的种植具有增产增收的意义,整形后的垄型更适宜后续的播种作业和作物的产业化。但现有开沟起垄机械普遍存在牵引阻力大、垄型不稳定,垄体紧实均匀度差异较大等问题。因此,结合山东省甘薯主产区的种植农艺要求,设计了一种犁旋式甘薯开沟起垄整形机,可实现一次田间作业完成起垄及垄体压实整形工作,为后续甘薯覆膜移栽作业提供了基础,提高了作业效率。研究设计了甘薯起垄整形机的整机结构,阐明了其工作原理,明确了整体设计与结构参数。为确认设计机具的优越性,进行了田间对比试验。试验结果表明,与原有甘薯起垄整形机相比较,犁旋式甘薯起垄整形机作业垄体平均紧实度提高了7934kPa,垄高稳定性提高了2.64%,拖拉机平均油耗减少了3.07%,并优化了起垄整形的效果。

Ridge planting pattern for some crops had the significance of increasing income and yield in China,Formed ridge shape was more suitable for subsequent sowing operation and crop industrialization.The existed furrowing and ridging machinery had the problems of high traction resistance,unstable ridge shape and great variance of ridge tightness and uniformity.Therefore,combined with planting agronomic requirements of the main sweet potato producing areas in Shandong Province,a plough rotary for sweet potato furrowing and ridging was designed,which could complete soil furrowing and ridge shaping with compaction in one field operation,and provided a basis for the subsequent sweet potato mulching and transplanting operation with higher operation efficiency.The structure of ridge forming machine for sweet potato was designed,its working principle was clarified,and the overall design and structural parameters were determined.In order to confirm the superiority of the designed machine,a field comparison test was carried out and the results showed that the plough rotary for sweet potato ridge forming increased the average tightness of the ridge by 7934kPa and the stability of the ridge by 2.64%,and the average fuel consumption of the tractor was reduced by 3.07%compared with that of the original sweet potato ridge forming machine,which optimized the effect of ridge forming.