六元氮杂芳环构建方法及含能材料合成研究

Synthetic Review of the Construction of Six-membered N-heteroarenes and Related Energetic Materials

综述了吡啶,哒嗪、嘧啶、吡嗪环、三嗪以及四嗪等六元氮杂芳环骨架构建方法,探讨了相应的六元氮杂芳环环化反应机理,概述了典型含能材料的物化与爆轰性能;重点从合成角度总结了缩合反应与环加成反应在构建六元氮杂芳环结构中的应用,讨论了在相应氮原子中心位点实现氮氧化或氮氨化反应的方式。其中,六元氮杂芳环氮氧化片段的引入主要包括两类途径:一是以氧化剂与氮杂芳环中氮原子中心发生反应,形成N-氧化物片段;另一类是利用环化反应,将相应的氮氧双键等结构转化为N-氧化物片段。附参考文献91篇。

The construction methods of six-membered aza-aromatic ring frameworks of pyridine,pyridazine,pyrimidine,pyrazine ring,triazine,and tetrazine are reviewed.Corresponding mechanism of six-membered aza-aromatic rings′cyclization reaction was investigated and the physicochemical and detonation properties of typical energetic materials were summarized.The application of condensation reaction and cycloaddition reaction in the constructions of six-membered aza-aromatic ring structure was summarized from synthetic perspective.Methods of N-oxidation or N-ammoniation on nitrogen atom center were discussed.The six-membered aza-aromatic rings′N-oxidation fragments mainly introduced through two strategies.One is the reaction between the oxidant and the nitrogen atom center in the heteroaromatic ring to form N-oxide fragments.The other is to convert the corresponding nitrogen-oxygen double bond into N-oxide fragments by cyclization reaction.91 References are attached.