温度对外来入侵生物番茄潜叶蛾生长发育的影响研究

Effects of temperature on the growth and development of Tuta absoluta

番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta目前已成为全世界茄科作物的重要害虫之一,尤其对番茄可以造成毁灭性的危害。本研究针对重大外来入侵生物番茄潜叶蛾,研究温度对其生物学特性的影响,为综合防控措施的制定提供科学理论依据。本研究在19℃、23℃、27℃、30℃、33℃、35℃恒温条件下,对番茄潜叶蛾的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,温度对番茄潜叶蛾各虫态发育均有显著影响。19~33℃,随着温度的升高,卵的发育历期从6.20 d缩短至2.10 d, 35℃下卵期为2.90 d;19~30℃,除了4龄幼虫,其他各龄期幼虫和蛹的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短,1龄幼虫从7.20 d缩短至3.00 d, 2龄幼虫从6.00 d缩短至3.25 d, 3龄幼虫从5.80 d缩短至3.25 d,蛹从9.80 d缩短至4.00 d;4龄幼虫在19℃下发育历期最长(7 d),27℃下最短(3 d)。23℃卵期、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫及蛹的存活率均最高,分别为98%、72%、72%和71%,而1龄幼虫在19℃条件下存活率最高,4龄幼虫在27℃条件下存活率相对较高,33℃和35℃时,幼虫无法存活。在23℃条件下,番茄潜叶蛾成虫寿命最长,为22.33 d。整体而言,在19~30℃,番茄潜叶蛾能够顺利完成生活史,且各虫态的发育速率随温度的升高而加快,各虫态存活率在温度23~27℃相对较高,属于番茄潜叶蛾的最适生存温度,适合番茄潜叶蛾的生长发育,33℃和35℃下番茄潜叶蛾不能完成生活史。本研究为番茄潜叶蛾田间精准的预测预报和高效防控提供理论依据。

Tuta absoluta is one of the most important pests of solanaceous crops in the most world,especially to tomatoes and potatoes.This research studied on the impact of temperature on the biological characteristics of T.absoluta,a major invasive invasive species.The biological characteristics of T.absoluta were studied at 19℃,23℃,27℃,30℃,33℃and 35℃in this paper.The results showed that the temperature affected significantly each developmental stage of T.absoluta.From 19℃to 33℃,with the increase of temperature,the developmental period of the egg shortened from 6.20 days to 2.10 days,and the egg stage was 2.90 days at 35℃.From 19℃to 30℃,except for the 4 th instar larvae,the developmental duration of all other instar larvae and pupae decreases with the increase of temperature.Development period of first instar larvae were shortened from 7.20 days to 3.00 days,the second instar larvae were shortened 6.00 days to 3.25 days,the third instar larvae were shortened 5.80 days to 3.25 days,and the pupae were shortened 9.80 days to 4.00 days.The 4 th instar larvae had the longest developmental period at 19℃(7 days)and the shortest developmental period at 27℃(3 days).The survival rates of egg stage,2 nd instar larvae,3 rd instar larvae and pupae were the highest at 23℃,98%,72%,72%and 71%respectively.While the survival rates of 1 st instar larvae were the highest at 19℃,and the survival rates of 4 th instar larvae were relatively high at 27℃.The larvae could not survive above 33℃.The life span of T.absoluta adults was the longest at 23℃.Overall,within the temperature range from 19℃to 30℃set in this study,T.absoluta could successfully complete its life cycle and the development rate of various states of T.absoluta increased with the increased of temperature,and the survival rate of each state was relatively high in the temperature range of 23~27℃,which was the optimal survival temperature and suitable for the growth and development of T.absoluta.At 33℃and 35℃,T.absoluta could not complete its life cycle.This study provides a theoretical basis for accurate prediction and efficient prevention and control of T.absoluta in the field.