海岛小花蝽对美洲棘蓟马的捕食作用研究

Predation function study of Orius maxidentex against Echinothrips americanus

为了明确海岛小花蝽Orius maxidentex对美洲棘蓟马Echinothrips americanus的捕食情况及防治潜能,在27℃条件下研究了海岛小花蝽5龄若虫、雌成虫对美洲棘蓟马2龄若虫、伪蛹、成虫的捕食功能反应、自身密度干扰效应及喜好性。结果表明:海岛小花蝽对美洲棘蓟马的捕食功能符合HollingⅡ、HollingⅢ模型,采用HollingⅡ模型拟合,海岛小花蝽雌成虫及5龄若虫对美洲棘蓟马2龄若虫捕食能力(a′/Th)最强,分别为52.97和58.15,捕食上限最大,分别为47.38头/d和49.22头/d;采用HollingⅢ模型拟合,海岛小花蝽雌成虫及5龄若虫对美洲棘蓟马2龄若虫捕食上限最大,分别为27.50头/d和27.41头/d。海岛小花蝽在捕食时存在自身密度干扰情况,随着自身密度的增加单头捕食量逐渐减少,捕食作用率逐渐降低,分摊竞争强度逐渐增大,表明海岛小花蝽对美洲棘蓟马的捕食存在较强的种内干扰,符合Hassell-Varley干扰模型。捕食选择性试验表明,海岛小花蝽更偏向于捕食美洲棘蓟马2龄若虫,其次为成虫,对伪蛹偏好性最弱。综上所述,海岛小花蝽对美洲棘蓟马有较强的控害能力,是一种可应用于防治入侵昆虫美洲棘蓟马的本土天敌。

To clarify the predation response and pest control efficacy of Orius maxidentex on Echinothrips americanus,the predatory function response,search effect,disturbance response,intensity of apportionment competition and preference of O.maxidentex(5 th instar nymph and female adult)on E.americanus(2 nd instar nymph,pupa and adult)were studied at 27℃.The results showed that the functional response of O.maxidentex to E.americanus were in accordance with HollingII-type and HollingIII-type disc equations.According to the HollingII-type model,the predation capability(a′/Th)to 2 nd instar nymph of E.americanus of female adult and 5 th instar nymph of O.maxidentex was the strongest,52.97 and 58.15,respectively;the daily maximum consumption to 2 nd instar nymph of E.americanus of female adult and 5 th instar nymph of O.maxidentex was largest,47.38 and 49.22,respectively.According to the HollingIII-type model,the daily maximum consumption to 2 nd instar nymph of E.americanus of female adult and 5 th instar nymph of O.maxidentex was largest,27.50 and 27.41,respectively.The predation number gradually increases with the increase of prey density,and the increase rate slowed down after reaching a certain density;the search effect gradually decreases with the increase of prey density.A strong self-interference existed among O.maxidentex,as the predation rate decrease with the increase in the density of O.maxidentex,the self-interference fitted Hassell-Varley model.O.maxidentex adult and tended to prey 2 nd instar nymph of E.americanus,positive preference for E.americanus adult,and less preference for pupa.The results supported O.maxidentex was a potential domestic natural enemy against E.americanus.