遥感技术对地质灾害早期识别和动态监测——以昌波乡至羊拉乡段为例

Remote Sensing Technology for Early Recognition and Dynamic Monitoring of Geological Disasters:Take Changbo Township to Yangla Township Section as an Example

经过长期发展,中国地质灾害监测预警手段已从最原始的人工巡查、单点监测发展到目前的高精度面域非接触式的遥感监测,并逐渐得到普遍应用。首先对原始监测手段及遥感技术的发展历程进行了概述,然后利用高精度光学影像结合升、降轨道Sentinel-1A雷达影像,对金沙江昌波乡至羊拉乡之间滑坡隐患进行解译和编录,结果表明该区域存在滑坡隐患34处,其中具有堵江风险的滑坡隐患22处,对居民生命财产直接造成损失的滑坡隐患4处,并利用时序曲线分析了研究区在内外动力(地震、降雨)作用下变形特征,验证了遥感手段在滑坡隐患识别中的便捷性和先进性。最后针对遥感技术在中国的发展现状及瓶颈,创新性地提出了滑坡灾害遥感识别的发展框架,对遥感技术在滑坡识别方面的发展方向具有长期参考意义。

After the long-term development,the geological disaster monitoring and early warning methods of China have developed from the primitive manual inspection and single-point monitoring to the current high-precision area non-contact remote sensing monitoring,and have been widely used gradually.Firstly,the development process of original monitoring methods and remote sensing technology was summarized.The high-precision optical images combined with the ascending and descending orbits of Sentinel-1A radar images were used to interpret and catalog the hidden dangers of landslides between Changbo and Yangla town of the Jinsha River.The results show that there are 34 landslide hidden dangers in this area,22 of the landslide hidden dangers have the risk of blocking the river,and 4 of them directly cause losses to residents lives and property.The deformation characteristics of the study area under the action of internal and external forces(earthquake and rainfall)were analyzed by using the time series curve,which verified the convenience and advanced nature of remote sensing in the identification of landslide hazards.Finally,in view of the development status and bottlenecks of remote sensing technology in China,a development framework for remote sensing identification of landslide disasters was proposed innovatively,which has long-term reference significance for the development of remote sensing technology in landslide identification.