基于动态安全车距的车辆跟驰模型及稳定性分析

Car-following Model and Stability Analysis Based on Dynamic Safety Distance

为了更好地模拟车辆的跟驰特性,在全速度差(full velocity difference,FVD)模型的基础上考虑前车与跟随车的车头间距、速度差、速度和加速度等因素,建立了一种基于动态安全车距的改进FVD跟驰模型。构建了可变车头时距模型量化前车加速度对跟驰车头间距的影响程度;应用小振幅扰动分析和长波展开进行了模型线性稳定性分析,推导了改进FVD模型的临界稳定性条件;设计环形道路上微扰动数值仿真实验,分析了扰动后的车辆跟驰行为特性,解析加速度参数对模型抗扰能力的影响。研究结果表明:考虑前车加速度信息可以降低扰动演化时的波动振幅,有助于提高车流的稳定性。

In order to better simulate the car-following characteristics,based on the full velocity difference(FVD)model,an improved FVD car-following model based on dynamic safety distance was proposed,which considers the headway,velocity difference,velocity and acceleration between the front and rear cars.A variable time headway model was constructed to quantify the influence of front vehicle acceleration on car-following distance.The linear stability analysis of the model was carried out by applying small amplitude perturbation analysis and long-wave expansion,and the critical stability conditions of the improved FVD model were derived.The numerical simulation experiment of micro-disturbance on the annular road was designed.The characteristics of vehicle following behavior after disturbance were analyzed,and the influence of acceleration parameters on the anti-disturbance ability of the model was analyzed.The results show that considering the acceleration information of the front vehicle can reduce the fluctuation amplitude during the disturbance evolution,which is helpful to improve the stability of the traffic flow.