职普融通新视界:英国小学劳动教育课程建设的经验与启示

A New Perspective of Vocational Education Integration:Experience and Inspiration from the Construction of Labor Education Curriculum in Primary Schools in Britain

英国劳动教育发展具有悠久历史与丰富经验,其演进过程呈现职普融通的特点,整体经历了劳动教育形式初建、劳动教育机构确立、课程体系建构三个阶段。发展至今,其课程建设模式已步入稳定推进时期,并呈现以下表征:第一,课程目标重在培育学生解决实际问题的劳动思维;第二,课程框架凸显模块性、实践性与跨学科性;第三,课程内容主要依托国家基础课,覆盖技术与职业等多领域;第四,课程实施以开设高品质项目为主且以成果为导向。借鉴英国建设经验,基于本土教育环境,我国教育部门应以制度建设为契机,重新定义劳动教育课程建设的目标与价值;职普两类可以融合各类资源,助推课程提质增效;中小学需积极拓展课程实施形式,形成新时期教学新样态;倡导全社会参与,各组织共同营造协同氛围,推动开展丰富的实践活动。

The development of British labor education has a long history and rich experience.Its evolution process shows the characteristics of the integration of vocational education and general education.It has gone through three stages:the initial construction of labor education form,the establishment of labor education institutions,and the construction of curriculum system.So far,its curriculum construction mode has entered a period of steady progress,and has shown certain characteristics:first,the curriculum goal focuses on cultivating students'labor thinking to solve practical problems;Second,the curriculum framework highlights modularity,practicality and interdisciplinary;Third,the course content mainly depends on the national basic courses,covering many fields such as technology and occupation;Fourth,the implementation of the curriculum is based on the establishment of high quality projects and results oriented.Learning from the construction experience of Britain,China's education department should take the institutional construction as an opportunity to redefine the objectives and values of the construction of labor education curriculum;Vocational schools can integrate various resources to promote the quality and efficiency of courses;Primary and secondary schools should actively expand the form of curriculum implementation to form a new teaching pattern in the new era;From the perspective of the participation of the whole society,it is necessary for all organizations to jointly operate a collaborative atmosphere and promote rich practical activities.