从“教书匠”到“新乡贤”:结构化理论视角下乡村教师的角色重构

From"Skilled Teachers"to"New Rural Elite":The Role Reconstruction of Rural Teachers from the Perspective of Structuration Theory

中国的基础教育最大的受众群体在乡村,最薄弱的环节也在乡村。发展乡村教育首先需要关注的是教师队伍的建设。乡村教师的专业发展既受教师自身素质的影响,也受制于学校制度的规约,教师主体与学校制度具有相互影响、相互促进的关系。通过调查发现,目前许多乡村教师沦为教学机器般的“教书匠”,需要基于角色重构的理论视野,赋予乡村教师“新乡贤”的身份。教师“新乡贤”身份的塑造可以从国家相关政策的支持、学校结构的优化及教师作为能动者的乡贤自觉等方面来实现,从而体现乡村振兴战略对乡村教师的期待。

In China,the largest audience for basic education is in rural areas,which also represent the weakest link.To develop rural education,the construction of a teacher workforce must be prioritized.The professional development of rural teachers is affected not only by their own qualities but also by the constraints of school systems,with the teacher's agency and school systems having a mutually influential and promoting relationship.Observations show that many rural teachers have become mere"skilled teachers",akin to teaching machines.There is a need to reframe their role from a theoretical perspective,endowing them with the status of"New Rural Elite".The shaping of this new identity for teachers can be achieved through support from national policies,optimization of school structures,and the proactive self-awareness of teachers as rural elites,thereby reflecting the expectations of the rural revitalization strategy for rural teachers.