轻罪化背景下被害人承诺的效力问题研究

Research on the Validity Issues of Victim Consent in the Context of Decriminalization

被害人承诺作为出罪事由得到了学术界的广泛认可,然而在其效力问题的研究上还存在着一些争议。利益衡量说有效协调了公民的自我决定权与刑法家长主义之间的关系,在利益衡量说的基础之上,结合刑法效果的类型可将被害人承诺的效力形态分为有效、生效、无效等三种类型。通过借鉴我国刑法犯罪构成要件的四要素,进一步明确有效、无效、生效的被害人承诺成立要件的具体内容,形成逻辑缜密的被害人承诺效力体系,从而实现入罪与出罪的平衡。

The recognition of victim consent as a ground for exemption from criminal responsibility has been widely accepted by the academic community.However,there are still some controversies regarding its validity.The theory of interest balancing effectively coordinates the relationship between citizens'right to self-determination and the paternalism of criminal law.Based on the theory of interest balancing and combined with the types of effects in criminal law,the validity of victim consent can be categorized into three types:valid,effective,and invalid.By drawing on the four elements of the crime constitution requirements in our country's criminal law,this study further clarifies the specific contents of the conditions for establishing valid,effective,and invalid victim consent,forming a logically rigorous system for the validity of victim consent,thereby achieving a balance between incrimination and exculpation.