CPTPP核心数字贸易规则与中国加入谈判因应——基于与RCEP的对比分析

CPTPP Core Digital Trade Rules and Responses to China’s Accession Negotiations:Based on Comparative Analysis with RCEP

加入CPTPP是中国对接高标准国际规则,推进制度型开放的重要路径。数字贸易规则是中国申请加入CPTPP需要关注的关键内容,其中涉及数据跨境流动、数字产品的非歧视待遇和源代码等核心规则将是后续谈判的难点。和RCEP相比,CPTPP在数据跨境流动方面对中国国内规制提出更高要求,中国应主动运用好自贸区等制度创新载体,探索跨境数据流动监管模式,有效防范国家安全和个人隐私等风险。CPTPP中数字产品的非歧视待遇超出了RCEP规则范畴,由于对数字产品本身的规制具有一定的复杂性,要合理设计开放的范畴,做好风险兜底。在源代码方面,中国国内规制与CPTPP的规制方向一致,但仍需在谈判时考虑对国家安全和网络安全的影响。一方面,应不断完善国内规制以有效对接CPTPP,继续在有条件的自由贸易试验区和自由贸易港试点推进数字领域的制度型开放;另一方面,应妥善利用CPTPP例外条款争取更大的国内规制政策空间。

Joining the CPTPP is an important path for China to align with high standard international rules and promote institutional openness.China has expressed its determination to join the CPTPP on multiple occasions.The digital trade rules are the key content of China’s application to join the CPTPP,and core rules related to cross-border data flow,non-discriminatory treatment of digital products,and source code will be the difficulties in subsequent negotiations.Compared to RCEP,CPTPP has higher requirements for domestic regulation of cross-border data flow in China.China should actively utilize institutional innovation carriers such as free trade zones,explore cross-border data flow supervision models,and effectively prevent risks such as national security and personal privacy.The non-discriminatory treatment of digital products in CPTPP goes beyond the scope of the existing RCEP rules.Due to the complexity of the regulation of digital products themselves,it is necessary to reasonably design an open scope and ensure risk management.In terms of source code,China has the same regulatory direction as CPTPP,but it is still necessary to consider the impact on national security and cybersecurity during negotiations.China should first continuously improve its domestic regulations to smoothly connect with CPTPP,and continue to promote institutional openness in the digital field through pilot projects in conditional free trade pilot zones and free trade ports.On the other hand,we should make good use of the CPTPP exception clauses to gain policy space for China.