基于转录组和代谢组探究植物应答干旱和植食性昆虫的研究进展

Advances in transcriptomics-and metabolomics-based exploration of plant responses to drought and herbivorous insects

胁迫是制约植物生长发育的重要环境因素,植物应对不同胁迫的反应是复杂多样的。在面临生物胁迫和非生物胁迫时,植物主要通过重新分配调整一系列的转录调控网络以及代谢网络来维持平衡,以致在转录及代谢水平上都会发生变化。随着组学技术的发展,转录组学和代谢组学作为新兴学科被广泛应用于植物抗逆相关研究中,进而从转录和代谢水平上揭示植物响应逆境胁迫的机制。植物生长过程中面临的多种胁迫,其中干旱和虫害尤为严重,给我国农业生产造成巨大损失。本文针对植物在干旱、植食性昆虫以及双重胁迫下的转录和代谢调控机制相关研究进行了综述,发现在干旱胁迫下植物通过调控合成脱落酸、脯氨酸以及光合作用中间体相关基因表达及其代谢物合成来抵御胁迫,在植食性昆虫胁迫下植物通过调控茉莉酸、水杨酸以及黄酮类等物质相关基因的表达及其代谢物合成进行响应,在双重胁迫下植物通过调控激素相互作用以及一些次生代谢物的产生来影响干旱胁迫下植物的抗虫性。通过探讨植物在逆境胁迫下转录和代谢差异及其关键调控因子的变化,可以为培育耐受逆境胁迫的品种,提高农作物产量提供理论依据和参考。

Stress is an important environmental factor that restricts plant growth and development.Plant responses and adaptations to different stresses are complex and diverse.Under biotic and abiotic stresses,plants maintain homeostasis mainly by reallocating and adjusting a series of transcriptional regulatory networks and metabolic networks,resulting in changes at both the transcriptional and metabolic levels.With the development of omics techniques,transcriptomics,and metabolomics are widely used as emerging disciplines for studying plant adaptations to various stresses,which can aid in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to stress at the transcriptional and metabolic levels.Among the various stresses that plants face,drought,and insect pests are particularly severe,causing significant losses in agricultural production.In this review,we summarize the transcriptional and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of plants under single drought stress,insect herbivory stress,or dual drought and insect herbivory stresses.Plants respond to drought stress by regulating the expression of genes related to the synthesis of abscisic acid,proline,photosynthetic intermediates,and their metabolites.Moreover,plants respond to phytophagous insect attacks by regulating the expression of genes participating in the synthesis of jasmonic acid,salicylic acid,flavonoids,and their metabolites.Under dual stresses,plants regulate hormone interactions and the production of secondary metabolites to reinforce resistance against herbivory under drought stress.Exploring transcriptional and metabolic differences and their key regulatory factors in plant adaptations to adverse stress can provide a theoretical basis and reference for breeding varieties tolerant to adverse stress and with improved crop yields.