论国内民航空难目击者之精神损害赔偿——以MU5735梧州空难案为例

Compensation for Mental Damage of Witness in Domestic Civil Aviation Air Crash: A Case Study of MU5735 Wuzhou Air Crash

国内民航空难目击者作为受害地面第三人具有获得精神损害赔偿的法律基础,但其精神损害需要满足《民用航空法》第157条设置的诸多赔偿责任条件,其中需要重点分析与考察人身伤亡损害事实条件和直接损害后果条件。国内民航空难目击者之精神损害须严重至精神性疾病的程度且根据相当因果关系说被评价为与目睹空难遭受惊吓存在因果关系时方可被认为满足上述两个条件。该类主体之精神损害原则上由民用航空器的经营人承担赔偿责任。国内民航空难目击者之精神损害赔偿规则总体而言有一定的妥当性,但仍存在待完善之处。其条件规则可借鉴2009年《一般风险公约》第3条第3款,其责任承担主体规则应赋予民用航空器的所有人诉前告知的机会。

Witnesses of domestic civil aviation crashes,as the third party on the ground,have the legal ba‐sis for obtaining compensation for mental damage.However,their mental damage needs to meet many condi‐tions of liability set out in Article 157 of the Civil Aviation Law,among which it is necessary to focus on the analysis and investigation of the factual conditions of personal injury and death damage and the conditions of direct damage consequences.The mental damage of witnesses to domestic civil aviation crashes must be serious to the extent of mental illness and can only be considered to meet the above two conditions if it is evaluated as a causal relationship with witnessing the shock of the crash.In principle,the operator of the civil aircraft shall bear the liability for compensation for the mental damage of such subjects.The rules of compensation for mental damage of witnesses in domestic civil aviation crashes are generally appropriate,but there are still some room for improvement.Its conditional rules can be drawn from article 3,paragraph 3,of the 2009 General Risk Convention,and its rules on the subject of liability should give the owner of the civil aircraft the opportunity to be informed before litigation.