碳材料在镁基固态储氢领域中的应用进展

Application progresses of carbon materials in magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage materials

镁基储氢材料因其理论储氢密度高(MgH_(2),7.6%(质量分数))、来源广、成本低的特点,被认为是最具应用前景的固态储氢材料之一。但MgH_(2)的放氢焓值高(75 kJ/mol)、放氢温度高(>380℃),造成其动力学和热力学性能差,限制了在固态储氢领域的应用和发展。近年来,碳材料因结构多样化、可调控性强、比表面积大、力学性能高和电子传输能力强等优势,在镁基储氢材料的掺杂改性、纳米限域等方面应用广泛,可以有效改善吸放氢温度、循环性能和吸放氢活化能等性能指标,并取得了大量成果。本文主要针对碳材料在镁基储氢材料中的研究现状,归纳了碳材料的合成和改性方法,重点阐述了不同维度碳材料在镁基储氢领域的应用进展,并展望了未来的发展方向。

The Mg-based hydrogen storage materials are considered as one of the most promising solid-state hydrogen storage materials due to their high theoretical hydrogen storage density(MgH_(2),7.6%),wide source and low cost.However,the high enthalpy of hydrogen release of MgH_(2)(75 kJ/mol)leads to high hydrogen release temperature(>380℃),poor kinetic and thermodynamic properties,which limit their further application and development in the field of solid-state hydrogen storage.In recent years,carbon materials have been widely used as catalysts or nano-limited carriers for magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials to improve hydrogen absorption and discharge temperature,cycle performance and activation energy,due to the advantages of structural diversification,high tunability,large specific surface area,high mechanical properties and strong electron transport ability.In this paper,it is mainly focused on the research status of carbon materials in magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials,summarizing the modification methods of carbon materials,especially the progress of carbon materials with different dimensions in the field of magnesium-based hydrogen storage applications.Moreover,the future development direction of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials was prospected.