铜闪速熔炼多相流模型化研究进展

Research progress in modeling multiphase flow in copper flash smelting

铜闪速熔炼具有高处理量、高富氧浓度、高冶炼效率和低环境污染的优势,已在世界范围内广泛推广应用,深入研究闪速熔炼过程中的物理化学现象和原理具有重要意义。然而,闪速炉内多相流间相互作用及熔炼动力学行为受到多方面因素的共同影响,仅依靠生产经验、试验观测和理论分析难以全面解析炉内多相流传质传热过程、获取流体流动特性、揭示气固多相流相互作用规律,阻碍了闪速炉冶炼效能的进一步提升。当下计算流体力学数值模拟发展迅速,正为预测和分析闪速炉内多相流问题提供了高效、准确、直观的帮助。本文在介绍铜闪速炉结构、冶炼原理、理论模型的基础上,阐述了近年来铜闪速熔炼动力学反应机理、炉内流动特性方面模型化的研究成果及发展趋势,全面综述了铜闪速炉在喷嘴、沉淀池、上升烟道、锅炉优化方面的研究成果,为闪速炉生产优化及设计改进提供指导。

With the advantages of high throughput,high oxygen-rich concentration,high smelting efficiency and low environmental pollution,copper flash smelting furnaces have been successfully and widely applied in the world,so it is important to deeply study the physical chemistry phenomenon and principle of flash furnace smelting process.However,the multiphase flow interaction and smelting kinetic behavior in the flash furnace are influenced by many aspects,and it is difficult to comprehensively analyze the multiphase flow mass and heat transfer process in the furnace,obtain the fluid flow characteristics and reveal the gas-solid multiphase flow interaction law only by production experience,experimental observation and theoretical analysis,which hinders the further improvement of the smelting efficiency of the flash furnace.The rapid development of numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics nowadays is providing efficient,accurate and intuitive results for predicting and analyzing multiphase flow problems in flash furnaces.In this paper,based on the introduction of the structure of copper flash furnace,smelting principle and theoretical model,the research results and development trend of modeling in recent years were described in terms of the kinetic reaction mechanism of copper flash smelting and the flow characteristics of the furnace.Comprehensive overview of the copper flash furnace were summarized in the spray nozzle,settler bath,uptake shaft,boiler optimization research results,which can provide guidance for flash furnace production optimization and design improvement.