大学新生学习适应、社交适应、情绪适应间的动态联系:一项追踪研究

The Reciprocal Effects of Emotional Adjustment,Social Adjustment and Academic Adjustment among Freshmen:A Longitudinal Study

从高中到大学的学校过渡是典型的发展转折点。大学新生既要适应学业环境、社交网络的改变,还要适应自我发展中身心转变。适应心理各维度的发展轨迹各不相同,但同时在发展中也会以一种有意义的方式相互联系。本研究采用密集追踪设计,招募了426名大学新生在入学后第一学期进行连续19周的问卷测查,考察学习适应、社交适应和情绪适应的时间趋势以及三者之间的相互关系。动态结构方程结果表明:(1)大学新生的社交适应状况的动态变化相对稳定,而学习适应和情绪适应状况随时间呈下降趋势;(2)新生学习适应每周的波动变化独立于情绪适应和社交适应;(3)新生社交适应、情绪适应之间存在交叉滞后关联。了解新生适应心理的发展规律,将有助于学生的自我发展和学校开展有针对性的适应教育。

The transition to college is a key turning point.Freshmen need to accustom themselves to the academic environment,the new peer groups,and various subjective feelings.The trajectories of academic adjustment,social adjustment,and emotional adjustment were different,but they will be interconnected in a meaningful way according to developmental cascades theory.To examine the trajectories of the three domains of adjustment and clarify the dy-namic relationship between them,426 freshmen were recruited to attend a 19-week experience sampling study in their first semester.The results showed that:(1)Students reported a stable level of social adjustment,while the scores of academic and emotion adjustments gradually declined with time;(2)The fluctuations of academic adjust-ment were independent of social adjustment and emotional adjustment;(3)There were reciprocal associates be-tween social adjustment and emotional adjustment.These findings provided important insights into the promotion of individual development of first-year students.