记忆的生成绘图效应及其边界条件:一项元分析

Generative Drawing Effect in Memory and Its Boundary Conditions:A Meta-analysis

关于生成绘图能否促进记忆,目前理论观点及实证结果均不一致。本研究采用元分析法,以项目记忆效果为因变量指标,探讨生成绘图对项目记忆的总体影响及其边界条件。从65条文献(110个独立效果量,7921名被试)中提取数据进行再分析。发现:生成绘图在项目记忆上的总体效果量为0.65,达中等偏大水平;生成绘图对老年人的记忆效果比其它年龄群体更好;生成绘图对于简单词语的记忆效果比复杂文本更好;生成绘图在预训练支持下的记忆效果比最少指导更好;触屏指绘的记忆效果比笔绘和鼠标绘更好。表明:生成绘图能促进项目记忆,支持绘图效应整合成分模型;被试年龄、言语材料、绘图支持、绘图方式可能是记忆的生成绘图效应的边界条件。

In terms of the inconsistent findings in previous studies regarding the effect of generative drawing on memory,the present meta-analytic review aimed at investigating the overall effect of generative drawing on item memory performance as well as its potential boundary conditions.After the systematic search and standard selec-tion,a total of 65 related empirical papers which met the inclusion criteria were finally reanalyzed in this meta-anal-ysis.These papers contained 103 experiments,and computed 110 independent effect sizes(7921 participants).The main-effect analysis showed that the pooled effect size was statistically significant and medium-to-large in mag-nitude with a positive direction(Cohen's dpoled=O.65),suggesting that individuals in the generative drawing condition performed better memory outcome than those in the no-drawing condition.This result confirmed generative drawing effect in memory.The moderator analyses showed that;(1)Old people benefited more from generative drawing than those in other age groups on memory performance;(2)Generative drawing was more beneficial to simple word memory than complex text memory;(3)The memory performance was better when generative drawing was supported with drawing training than when it was supported with minimal guidance,and(4)The memory out-come of finger-on-screen drawing was better than stylus-on-screen drawing,pencil-based drawing,and mouse-based drawing.These results indicate that:(1)Generative drawing,overall,can indeed facilitate item memory,support-ing the integrated-components model of the drawing effect,and(2)Individuals'age,type of materials,drawing support,and drawing mode are boundary conditions of generative drawing effect in memory.