大译师俄·勒贝喜饶对藏族文化的贡献探微

On the Contribution of Great Translator Rngog legs pa‘i shes rab to Tibetan Culture from the Perspective of Philology

俄译师·勒贝喜饶是藏传佛教后弘期的重要历史人物,然其无自传或传记留存,后人对其生平事迹知之甚少,更无全面细致的研究。通过甄别和比照藏文零星资料,尝试梳理俄译师对藏文化的贡献。俄译师自幼聪慧好学,尤擅佛学,于青年时期受命于阿里王益西沃,赴克什米尔和天竺求学,成绩颇丰。其间,探访阿底峡尊者,与其建立师徒关系,为后来的阿底峡入藏铺路架桥,做足了前期准备工作,并在返藏后给阿里王建言献策,制定了从天竺迎请阿底峡尊者的切实可行的方案。在其努力工作和积极协调下,阿底峡尊者访问西藏成为可能。从天竺学成返藏后,俄译师以西藏阿里地区为据点,投身于佛教文化复兴事业,翻译了显宗、密宗、因明、三藏等方面的诸多经典。后来,该译师移居西藏中部,创建了著名的桑浦寺,寺中构建了印度那烂陀式的经学修习机制,主要围绕印度佛学家法称所著《量抉择论》,建立了严密的经学体系,在西藏独树一帜。藏传佛教游学辩经的学经机制在桑浦寺孵化,西藏的格西学位制度亦发端于该寺。因其声望,四方学僧慕名前去访学,将学术活跃度推至空前高度,该寺遂成为11—13世纪西藏佛教修习中心。依托桑浦寺,俄译师培养了以罗丹喜饶为代表的众多弟子,为佛教后弘期注入了动力。

Rngog legs pa‘i shes rab was an important historical figure in the later period of Tibetan Buddhism,but no one has ever written a biography of him,so later generations know a little about his life,much less a comprehensive and detailed study.Based on philology,this paper tries to sort out the contribution of Rngog legs pa‘i shes rab to Tibetan culture by distinguishing and comparing the scattered materials in Tibetan.In his youth,the translator was commissioned by Ye shes Aod,and went to Kashmir and India to study,for which he achieved great results.Thanks to his hard work and active coordination as it made Master A ti sha’s visit to Tibet possible.After returning to Tibet from studying in India,he translated many Buddhist classics in Nali region of Tibet.Later,he found the Gsang phu Monastery and trained many disciples so that injected strong impetus into the later period of Buddhism.