清末蒙古族学者洛桑达央部分重要著作考述

An Overview of Mongolian Scholar Geshe Lobsang Tayang’s Some Important Works in Tibetan

洛桑达央(1867-1937)是一位蒙古族学者,精通藏、汉、蒙古等多种文字,是多民族文化交流交融领域的典型人物。其佛学造诣高深,著作种类丰富,手抄文献居多,但学术界对洛桑达央及其著作缺少关注和研究。在内容层面,洛桑达央著述反映了古代各民族间文化交往交流与融合的历史态势,对于研究中华各民族交往交流交融和中华民族共同体历史进程具有重要的学术价值。洛桑达央著作中《金册》和它的增补性文献《古代大蒙古地区备忘录著作•补充庄严》《音韵》等引用了汉、藏、蒙古、满、维吾尔等诸多民族历史文献资料;晚年回忆自己一生事迹撰写的《凡夫俗子的人生轨迹》;还有参考蒙古文等多语种文献翻译的《大汉高僧法显赴天竺传•佛教源流普显幻化明镜》以及《杰尊丹巴大师制定蒙古族寺院章程并附章印》;记载了作者一生收集、观察和记录印度、西域、汉地、藏地等地方的佛教遗址的《弥足珍贵的佛教遗址来源史》等,上述著作对于研究佛教发展史具有重要的参考和借鉴价值。通过文献研究法,首次对洛桑达央的部分重要著作的书写原因、成书时间和主要内容进行考述,确定其著作类型有佛教史和传记、书信、翻译、目录等;书写属性上有基础性著作和扩写、增补、笔记、整理与修订等;所参考和引用文献有汉、藏、蒙古、满和维吾尔文等多语种文献;成书时间长达14年,最短为三天;写作地点主要是扎西曲觉林和大库车等。

Zawadamuddin(1867-1937)was a Mongolian scholar who had writing works in Tibetan.According to the contents of his works,cited documents and translated works,we can see that he was not only familiar with Chinese,Tibetan and Mongolian,but also with Manchu and Uighur.The author had collected many works about him in a year,most of which are handwritten.Academic attention has been scant.Therefore,the“Golden Book”and its supplementary documents“Memorandum Works in Ancient Great Mongolia Region-Supplementary Solemn”and autobiography“Life Path of ordinary people”,“rhyme”and other historical works.He wrote Buddhist theoretical works such as Zhongguan Daozhi’s“Zhongguan General Yi Notes”.“The Great Han Monk Faxian Went to India to Pass on the Buddhist Origin and Flow of the Universal Illusion Mirror”and other Chinese,Mongolian,and Manchu literature translated into Tibetan works.In addition,there are other important works with far-reaching influence and high value,such as the classification,writing reasons and writing time,the main content and the relationship between the various documents are analyzed,which provide important and detailed literature for the academic community,and these works have important reference value for the study of historical works.