粘合式与组合式偏正结构的句法语义研究

A Syntactic and Semantic Study on Attributive Noun Phrase of the Cohesive Type and the Combined Type

学界以往通常将体词性偏正结构划分为粘合式与组合式,认为二者主要是组合方式不同。实际上,粘合式与组合式在本质上反映了定语与中心语不同的句法、语义关系。根据各自的语义角色,粘合式与组合式的定语成分进入DP短语的不同位置。粘合式定语生成在中心语的补足语位置,表达最本质的属性。组合式可以细分为三类,其中,“的”字结构作修饰语时,生成在中心语的附加语位置;指示词(+量词)、数词+量词、量化词,生成在限定词位置;领属语则可以出现在NP或DP的标示语位置上。这一句法设定与定语的线性语序排列要求一一对应。

In previous studies on attributive noun phrases,they have been divided into the cohesive type and the combined type.They proposed that two types have their own ways of combining.In fact,the cohesive type and the combined type essentially reflect different syntactic and semantic relationships between the attributes and the head nouns.The attributive components occupy different positions in determiner phrases based on their semantic roles.The attributives of cohesive type are complements of the head noun and express the most essential attributes.The combined type can be divided into three types.When“de(的)”construction is used as a modifier,it is the adjunct of the head noun.The demonstrative pronoun(plus classifier),numeral plus classifier and quantifier are the determiners of the phrase.While the possessive attributes can be the specifier of NP or DP.This syntactic structure corresponds one-to-one with the linear arrangement of attributives.