肉苁蓉的药理作用及其在中枢神经系统疾病中的研究进展

Pharmacological Effects of Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)and Its Research Progress in Central Nervous System Diseases

肉苁蓉(Cistanches)是列当科植物肉苁蓉的肉质茎,又名金笋、地精、大芸。肉苁蓉的提取物主要包括肉苁蓉总苷、苯乙醇苷类、环烯醚萜类、挥发性成分、木脂素类、多糖、生物碱等。肉苁蓉的传统中药作用有补肾壮阳、润肠通便、女子不孕、滋补强身等;现代药理作用包括抗氧化、抗凋亡、调控自噬、增强体力和抗疲劳、改善学习认知功能。相关研究表明肉苁蓉对中枢神经系统疾病具有良好的治疗效果。脑缺血再灌注损伤(Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury,CIRI)发生常伴随着脑水肿、血脑屏障的破坏、神经炎症、神经元凋亡,肉苁蓉提取物肉苁蓉总苷可抑制神经细胞炎症及凋亡,减少脑梗死面积,对CIRI模型大鼠具有神经保护作用。肉苁蓉通过减少自由基堆积、抑制氧化应激和炎症反应,提高阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)和血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia,Va D)模型大鼠的学习记忆能力。肉苁蓉可以改善帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)小鼠运动行为异常,发挥神经保护作用。肉苁蓉能够抑制肌萎缩侧索硬化症(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS)兴奋性氨基酸的水平,减轻神经毒性作用,改变星形胶质细胞功能,提高神经细胞存活率。目前肉苁蓉对于中枢神经系统疾病的应用越来越广泛,就其药理作用及其在中枢神经系统疾病中的研究进展进行综述,以期为肉苁蓉的开发和利用提供新的思路。

Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)is the fleshy stem of the Ledanaceae plant Rucongrong(Cistanche deserticola),also known as golden bamboo shoot,goblins and Dayun.The extract of Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)mainly includes total glycosides of Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba),phenylethanoid glycosides,iridoids,volatile components,lignans,polysaccharides,alkaloids,etc.The functions of Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)include tonifying kidney and Yang,loosing the bowel to relieve constipation,female infertility,nourishing and strengthening body,etc.The modern pharmacological effects include antioxidant,anti-apoptotic,regulating autophagy,enhancing physical strength and anti-fatigue and improving learning and cognitive functions.Related studies have shown that Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)has good therapeutic effects on central nervous system diseases.Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI)often occurs with cerebral edema,disruption of the blood-brain barrier,neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis.Total glycosides of Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)extract can inhibit inflammation and apoptosis of nerve cells,reduce the area of cerebral infarction and have neuroprotective effects on CIRI model rats.Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)improves the learning memory ability of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and vascular dementia(VaD)model rats by reducing free radical accumulation and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)can improve abnormal motor behavior and exert neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease(PD)mice.Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)can inhibit the levels of excitatory amino acids in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),reduce the neurotoxic effects,alter astrocyte function and improve neuronal survival.At present,Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)has been widely used in central nervous system diseases.In this paper,the pharmacological effects and research progress of Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba)in central nervous system diseases are reviewed in order to provide new ideas for the development and utilization of Roucongrong(Cistanches Herba).