靶向小胶质细胞治疗放射性脑损伤的研究进展

Research Progress of Targeted Microglia in the Treatment of Radiation-induced Brain Injury

放射性脑损伤(RIBI)是临床上头颈部恶性肿瘤患者放射治疗后可出现的严重神经功能缺损并发症,早期可表现为头痛、嗜睡、记忆力下降等急性不良反应,远期主要表现为认知功能障碍。目前RIBI的发病机制尚不明确,而炎症免疫反应、血管损伤和脱髓鞘等均与RIBI的发病紧密相关。小胶质细胞是大脑内固有的免疫细胞,可作用于各种中枢神经系统疾病的整个病理生理过程,最终影响疾病结局。近年来,靶向小胶质细胞治疗疾病的研究相继涌现,本文针对集落刺激因子1受体(CSF1R)抑制剂,主要是可口服药物PLX5622和PLX3397,靶向耗竭小胶质细胞治疗RIBI潜在机制的研究进展进行综述。

Radiation-induced brain injury(RIBI)is a serious complication of neurological deficits in patients with head and neck cancer after radiotherapy.It can be manifested as acute adverse reactions such as headache,drowsiness and memory loss in the early stage,and cognitive dysfunction in the long term.At present,the pathogenesis of RIBI is not clear,and inflammatory immune response,vascular injury and demyelination are closely related to the pathogenesis of RIBI.Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain,which can act on the whole pathophysiological process of various central nervous system diseases,and ultimately affect the outcome of the disease.In recent years,studies on the treatment of diseases by targeting microglia have emerged one after another.This article reviews the research progress on the potential mechanisms of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF1R)inhibitors,mainly oral drugs PLX5622 and PLX3397,and targeted depletion of microglia in the treatment of RIBI.