语言何以能够有意义地指向世界?基于伽达默尔语言——事物关系的思考

How Can Language Meaningfully Point to the World:From the Perspective of Relationship Between Language and Things Based on Gadamer

娜丰在《解释学哲学中的语言学转向》一书中认为,伽达默尔意义决定指称立场导致的语境主义可能引发跨语言对话的中断,因此必须接纳直接指称理论。于伽达默尔而言,回应上述指责意味着对语言—事物之关联的重新梳理,这涉及两个层面:其一,直接指称理论秉持的外在关系论断并非语言—事物的源始关联,事物唯有在语言中获得其存在,它本身已然是意义化的;其二,事物的意义化并不必然带来对话的中断,因为只要对话是就“某物”展开的,言说者便能够在承认自身视角有限性的前提下倾听他者,从而既构造出被“我们”共同揭示的事物,又在这个揭示中不断地修正、补充各自对事物的述说。这就是在意义决定指称立场中事物和语言之间开展的无尽“游戏”。

In The Linguistic Turn in Hermeneutic Philosophy,Cristina Lafont argues that the contextualism caused by Gadamer’s acceptation of theory of indirect reference,may lead to the interruption of cross-language dialogue,so direct referential theory should be accepted.For Gadamer,the answer to this accusation requires a rethinking of the language-world relationship,which involves two aspects.First,we should know that the external relation based on the theory of direct reference isn’t the original relationship between language and things.According to Gadamer,a thing becomes itself only if it appears in the language.Language and things are internally interconnected with each other;Second,despite the description of language-thing relationship given above,it doesn’t necessarily lead to the interruption of dialogue.As long as the dialogue is derived by the attempts to understanding something,the speaker will necessarily be inclined to listen to others with the recognition that his/her perspective is limited,and this is the way we have a better understanding of the thing we talk about,or in other words,a thing can be constantly constructed through people’s discussion of it.This is the endless“game”between things and language.