施莱格尔浪漫主义视域中的现代性问题

The Modernity Problem from Friedrich Schlegel’s Romantic Perspective

施莱格尔早期哲学—文学理论的发展过程充分体现了早期浪漫主义现代性批判的深刻性与复杂性。首先,他批评现代文化坚持分析性和反思性的理性原则,导致自然的祛魅和人与自然的疏离。其后,他又对现代的理性形式进行了重新评估,通过将理性反思转化为浪漫诗的反讽,既保持了理性的反思性和批判性,又将这种否定的力量转化为一种让本真的自然得以不断显现的积极的力量。在以反讽为原则的浪漫诗中,自然不再是一个由量化的、分析性的理性建构出来的僵死的物质集合,而是恢复为一个活生生的、创造性的实在。施莱格尔的“浪漫诗”观念突破了古代与现代的截然对立,既批判现代世界的分裂和异化,高扬古希腊艺术作品中所表现出来的人与自然和谐统一的理想;同时又意识到,人类必须通过与这种原始的和谐状态的分离,才能最终在人的理性和所有其他自然禀赋得到充分发展的情况下达到一种更高的和谐统一的状态。

The development of Friedrich Schlegel’s early philosophy-literature theory fully embodies the profundity and complexity of early romanticism’s criticism of modernity.First of all,he criticized that modern culture adhered to the principles of analysis and reflection,which led to the disenchantment of nature and the alienation between man and nature.Later,he reevaluated the modern rational form.By transforming rational reflection into the irony of romantic poems,he not only maintained the reflective and critical nature of rationality,but also transformed this negative force into a positive force that allowed the true nature to constantly emerge.In romantic poems based on irony,nature is no longer a set of rigid materials constructed by quantitative and analytical rationality,but a living and creative reality.Schlegel’s idea of romantic poetry broke through the dichotomy between ancient and modern,criticized the division and alienation of the modern world,and upheld the ideal of harmony and unity between man and nature shown in ancient Greek works of art.At the same time,he realized that human beings must be separated from this primitive harmonious state,in order to finally reach a higher state of harmony and unity when human reason and all other natural endowments are fully developed.