作为世界秩序“底层逻辑”的世界市场——兼论人类文明新形态的经济基础

World Market as the“Fundamental Logic”of the World Order——And on the Economic Foundation of the New Form of Human Advancement

世界秩序关乎所有国家的发展命运,然而主流国际关系理论一方面忽视了世界秩序得以形成的“过程性结构”,另一方面将世界秩序的变迁简单理解为霸权的此消彼长。针对这一认知偏差,文章以世界市场与政治思潮的错综交互为基础,为世界政治体系的演进提供了四种概念化类型,即新秩序形成、霸权更迭、新方案失败以及旧秩序延续。其中,世界市场构成了世界秩序变迁的“底层逻辑”。1500年之前,世界市场有着多个中心,不同文明的国家处于相对平等的世界秩序之中,但随着以追求无限积累为目标的资本主义不断扩张,包容性、多中心的世界市场被等级制、单中心的世界体系所取代,战争、剥削与压迫成为世界秩序近五百年来最显著的特征。在这一体系中,霸权转移的基础源自世界市场主导权的转移。在21世纪之后,世界市场浮现多中心趋势,作为世界市场重要中心之一的中国,凭借其文明传统为世界秩序提供了新的蓝图。世界市场的结构性变化,为开创人类文明新形态创造了经济基础。

The world order is crucial to the development of all states.However,the mainstream international relations theories,on the one hand,overlook the“processual structure”through which the world order is formed,and on the other hand,simplistically attribute the changes in the world order to the rise and decline of hegemony.Addressing this cognitive bias,this paper,based on the intricate interaction between the world market and political ideologies,provides four conceptual types for the evolution of the world political system:the formation of a new order,the succession of hegemony,the failure of new schemes,and the continuation of the old order.Among them,the world market constitutes the underlying logic of the changes in the world order.Before 1500,the world market had multiple centers,and states of different civilizations existed with a relatively equal world order.However,with the continuous expansion of capitalism aiming for unlimited accumulation,the inclusive and multi-centric world market was replaced by a hierarchical and single-centric world system,marked by war,exploitation,and oppression as the most significant features of the world order for the past five centuries.In this system,the basis for the shift of hegemony lies in the transfer of dominance in the world market.After the 21st century,the world market has shown a trend towards multi-centrism,with China as a significant center using its civilization to provide a new blueprint for the world order.The structural changes in the world market have laid the economic foundation for creating a new form of human advancement.