自我效能感与健康不平等:一个综合的解释框架

Self-Effi cacy and Health Inequality:A Comprehensive Explanatory Framework

以往关于健康不平等的解释存在多种非竞争性理论,不同解释机制之间缺乏整合。将健康不平等置于“结构”与“能动性”互动框架中,通过引入自我效能感概念,可以整合社会经济地位、自我效能感、健康行为与心理压力等因素,构造解释健康不平等的一个综合框架。采用“中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS2014—2018)”数据的分析发现:高社会经济地位劳动力人口的自评健康水平更高,其中介解释机制主要表现为高社会经济地位劳动力人口的自我效能感较强,这促进了他们在日常生活中更有规律地参与体育锻炼,更重要的是自我效能感缓解了他们在工作中的压力,最终提升了他们的自评健康水平。

There have been multiple non-competing explanatory theories for health inequalities in past researches,however,these different explanatory mechanisms are not integrated.This study places health inequality in the interactive framework of“structure”and“agency”,introduces the concept of self-efficacy,and integrates socioeconomic status,self-efficacy,health behavior and psychological stress,constructs a comprehensive framework to explain health inequalities and formulate corresponding hypotheses.Using data from the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey(CLDS2014—2018),it finds that the labors who with a higher socioeconomic status have higher self-reported health.The mediating explanatory mechanism is mainly manifested in the strong self-efficacy of the labor force population with a higher socioeconomic status,which promotes the likelihood of regular participation in physical exercise in daily life.However,more importantly,self-efficacy alleviates labor’s stress in work,which ultimately enhances their self-rated health.