评什么与怎么评:师范生教育实习评价机制的再审视——基于三所美国教育学院的案例分析

What to Evaluate and How to Evaluate: A Re-examination of Student Teachers’ Clinical Experience Evaluation--Based on Case Studies of Three U. S. Educational Institutes

健全师范生教育实习评价机制,是构建高质量教师教育体系的关键环节。综合考察美国三所教育学院的教育实习评价机制,呈现出如下鲜明的共性特征:基于核心教学要素和国家或州的标准,设计多维度、高标准的评价内容;采用全过程、多样化评价工具,收集和分析教师候选人的多元表现证据;实施证据采集机制、等级激励机制、反馈改进机制,保障评价过程的科学有效。建议全面拓宽实习评价的内涵,从多角度出发建立健全教育实习评价指标体系;开发与完善多样化的评价工具,利用信息技术以循证取向为评价策略;强化评价实施的科学性和反馈性,注重以教师候选人的发展为价值导向。

A sound evaluation mechanism for clinical experience is a key link in building a high-quality teacher education system. A comprehensive review of the clinical experience evaluation mechanism of the three colleges of education in the United States shows the following common features: Multiple dimensions and high standards of evaluation content are designed based on core teaching and learning elements and national or state standards;the multi-performance evidence of teacher candidates is collected and analyzed using the whole process and diversified evaluation tools. Implement evidence collection mechanism, grade incentive mechanism and feedback improvement mechanism to ensure the scientific and effective evaluation process. It is suggested that the connotation of clinical experience evaluation should be broadened comprehensively, and a sound evaluation index system for educational internships should be established from multiple perspectives;diversified evaluation tools should be developed and perfected, and information technology should be utilized to take an evidence-based evaluation strategy;the scientificity and feedback of evaluation should be strengthened, and the development of teacher candidates should be emphasized as the value orientation.