后脱欧时代英国的国家角色变迁——认知变化、动机驱动与外交选择

The Changing Role of the UK in the Post-Brexit Era:Changing Cognition,Motivation and Diplomacy Choice

脱欧过渡期结束后的英国迅速在2021年3月出台以“全球英国”为核心理念的《竞争时代的全球英国:安全、防务、发展与外交综合评估》报告,并于2023年对报告进行更新。这两份报告从国家战略层面展示了英国意图重振领导力的雄心。将郝思悌的角色理论与符号互动主义角色理论相结合,可以构建一个分析脱欧后英国国家角色变迁的新框架。相较于脱欧前,“全球英国”战略的出台体现了英国国家认知的新变化。以“务实独立者”“地区领导者”和“地区—次体系合作发展者”为代表的新角色,决定了英国以提升其在全球的竞争力与影响力为根本的国家利益,并最终左右其外交政策选择。英国采取的一系列外交行动将对欧洲“战略自主”产生“联结”与“拆解”作用。一方面,“全球英国”战略中务实、合作与发展的认知反映了英国的实用主义特点,且英欧双方价值观的相似性促使二者在具有共同利益的议题领域,特别是在防务与安全领域展开合作;另一方面,英欧的战略目标存在冲突,且双方实现目标的手段相互竞争,尤其体现在印太地区。未来,英欧双方将在不同层面和多个领域展开竞合。

After the end of the Brexit transition period,the UK released The Integrated Review of Security,Defence,Development and Foreign Policy with“Global Britain”as the core concept in March 2021,followed by an Integrated Review Refresh in 2023,which shows,at the national strategic level,the ambition of the UK to reinvigorate its global leadership.By integrating Holsti’s role theory with symbolic interactionism role theory,this article constructs a new framework for analyzing the role of the state in post-Brexit Britain.Compared to the pre-Brexit era,the introduction of the“Global Britain”strategy reflects a novel shift in the UK’s national cognition,including“pragmatic independent actor”,“regional leader”and“region-subsystem cooperative developer”.Combined together,these roles jointly determine that Britain’s national interest lies in enhancing its global competitiveness and influence,which has ultimately shaped its diplomatic decisions.A series of diplomatic actions undertaken by the UK are poised to exert both“bonding”and“disintegrating”effects on the EU’s“strategic autonomy”.On one hand,the“Global Britain”strategy,with its emphasis on pragmatism,cooperation and development,underscores the pragmatism tendency of the UK’s diplomatic practice.Additionally,the similarity in values between the UK and EU fosters their collaboration on issues of mutual interest,particularly in the realms of defense and security.While on the other hand,there exists a conflict between the strategic objectives of the UK and EU,where the methods employed to achieve their respective goals are in competition,which is especially evident in the Indo-Pacific region.In the future,the UK and EU will engage in both competition and cooperation across various levels and in multiple domains.